RQ@Qq WQS LQ \ WY \ WK WY AN Hibrary of the Museum OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Founded by private subscription, tv 1861. / 4] OS OT OO OSs LY ae D7 A GAL \ j ay a * 7 GIe { 4 eee LY MMSUL OF 10 SY . ( COQRTL. i a ‘hts +} 4 i , e fi bt iy i iS mie TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LONDON. she" ry a \ i ae AROUND MBAR Lat ie & ay oh HUGE = ‘ THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR THE YEAR 1891. R LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C. SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W., AND BY LONGMAN, GREEN, READER AND DYER, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. 1891. 108 God | ee are S wae ='*¢ ; sitet aig ape on, hee rank Ty: it Va it a yee iy aeite aa ty ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. FounpEep, 1833. INcORPORATED BY Roya CHARTER, 1885. Hon. Hife- President. Pror. J. O. WESTWOOD, M.A., F.L.S., Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford. OFFICERS and COUNCIL for the Session 1891-92. resident. FREDERICK DU CANE GODMAN, F.RB.S., F.L.S. Vice- residents, Tur Rr. Hon. Lorp WALSINGHAM, LL.D., F.R.S. Proressor RAPHAEL MELDOLA, F.R.S., F.C.S. Dr. DAVID SHARP, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S. Greusurer. ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., F.L.S. Secreturies. HERBERT GOSS, F.L.S. THe Rev. Canon FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S. Hibravia. GEORGE C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. Council. GEORGE C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. Tue Rev. Canon FOWLER, M.A., FREDERICK D. GODMAN, M.A., HERBERT GOSS, F.L.S., F.G.S. ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., F. Pror. RAPHAEL MELDOLA, F.R. EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S., &e. Dr. DAVID SHARP, M.A., F.R.S., RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. HENRY T. STAINTON, F.R.S., F.L.S. CoLtoneEL CHARLES SWINHOBH, F.L.S., F.Z.S. GEORGE HENRY VERRALL, F.E.S. Tue Rr. Hon. Lorp WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. 1B, TN L. S., F. Assistant Librarian. W. R. HALL. (Aa) THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 1834—1891. The Transactions can now be obtained by Fellows at the following reduced prices :— PUBLIC. FELLOWS. First Series, 4 volumes (1834—1845) ...... Price £4 13 0 £310 O Second Series, 5 volumes (1850—1861) .... 8 0 0 315 0 Third Series, 5 volumes (1862—1869) .... 11 0 0 410 0 The Transactions for the year 1868........ 1 0 0 e USG9 ee eee il 2070 . i UST Onnee eats iL S @ 2 5 0 ss iS7ie eee: 15 0 4 - 1872 cu 5 12 0 is 0 USBiao 505 o00 116 0 i. fF 1874 eee 112 0 o0 56 NSTDo0000006 i 2 3.0 0 % 9 MSacco jon 112 0 ce 5 LORIE RE ee 140 5 s SA SGSsos8 fs Oe 015 0 s 5 EO Ss ss oess 1 2 0 016 6 . i TSO: Hae ses. 019 0 014 3 . Sp ASST y ate 1 1LGR70 Ne) ¥ f ASSOR SR oe 110 0 Loose af fs LSS ec wee 70 ion be . TESA Weare 1 8 O 1 {0 eo i Weep i ce. 15680 019 6 - ‘i TEAR SS aoc EGF 0 019 6 FS 5 USS (eterretepeiev= The) 019 0 5 5 SSS ise sar 115 0 116) 73 “ _ IB coso base 116 6 te le as) f 5 189 Olmert yo) 1100 ae 55 TSO Serene 116 0 a a) Any single volume from 1850 to 1877 half-price to Fellows. First Series, vol. v., is out of print. The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :— Pascoe’s Lonyicornia Malayana ........6. 2 120 el S30 Baly’s Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. 1, Aposta- GIR Jo docucd co boeooooG UKM OU DN SS 016 0 012 0 Saunders’ ‘ British Heterogyna and Fossorial ERO ORD soscoogneacoopoussK} 0 4 6 0 8 4 Saunders’ ‘ Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’ IPEMB Ils Sooo ooo U OG UUS DOU DOODLE QOODOS 0 6 0 0 4 6 Newport’s ‘ Athalia centifolie’ (Prize Essay) ab Ww Op 110 The Journan or Procerptines is bound up with the Transacrions, but may be obtained separately, by Fellows, gratis; by the Public, price Sixpence per Sheet (16 pp.). Fellows who have paid their Subscription for the current year, are entitled to receive the Transactions for the year without further payment, and they will be forwarded free, by post, to any address. (ie CONTENTS. ee Explanation of the Plates List of Fellows . Additions to the Library MEMOIRS. Vil. VIII. XV. . Notes on the genitalia of a gynandromorphous Hronia H: ippia. pee GEORGE T. Betuone-Baxrer, F.L.8. A Monograph of British Braconide. Part IV. By ne ee Tuomas A. MarsHaun, M.A., F.E.S. .. . African Micro-Lepidoptera. By the Right non blek mora Watsincuam, M.A., LL.D., F.RB.S., F.L.S., &e. . New species of moths from Southern India. Py Galonel Ceram Swinuok, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e. ifs ae . Conspicuous effects on the markings and colouring of Lepi- doptera caused by exposure of the pups to different tempera- ture conditions. By Freprertc Merrirrevp, F.E.S. . On some recent additions to the list of South African butter- flies. By Roztanp Trimen, F.R.S., F.L.8., Curator of the South African Museum, Cape Town. .- A Monograph of the Lycienid genus Hy ipociiauaons: ah ia: scriptions of new species. By Haminron H. Drucz, F.E.S. Notes on the Lepidoptera collected in Madeira by the late T. Vernon Wollaston. By Gerorer T. Seay, F.L.S. . Additions to the Gusahideou: tana of Weep with Oe on some of the species peo. recorded. By Hrnry Watter Batss, F.R.S., F.L.S., : é . On the genus Peet fami ae By Witutam F. Kirsy, F.L.8., F.E.S., Assistant in Zoological Depart- ment, British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington. . The Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. Part II. Apio- nidé and Anthribide. By Dr. Davip ae M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &e. . The life-history of the Head Fly, Genidomyia Fen veto, Say. By Freprerick Enocr, F.H.S. .. ae . Mimetic resemblances between species of the @oleopteraas genera Lema and Diabrotica. By CHARLES J. Coy M.A., ey ee : . A list of the Hleteromerons Coleoptera (collected by Vie J. i, Walker, R.N., F.L.S., in the region of the Straits of Gibraltar, with descriptions of four new spaties: By Grorcs C. Cuampion, F.Z.S. on 50 an ae On a new species of Prothoé. By Pane Cromer, F.L.S., 223 279 375 403 XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. (yaa? 9) Notes on the Orthopterous family Mecopodide. By Wrut1am F. Kirpy, I’.L.8., Assistant in the foclegie ye British Museum. Note on Siphonophora ar ‘scliree. Waste) (Trans. Ent. Bac. Lond., 1890, p. 649). ee Prof. Joun O. etre M.A., F.L.S., &e. 50 ie On the South tmavienn species of Miahratiea! Part IL. By Cuarzes J. Ganan, M.A., F.E.S.. New species of Heterocera from the Kener Hills. Eat L By Colonel Cuarues Swinuoe, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e. 56 On some cases of Dimorphism and Polymorphism among Palearctic Lepidoptera. By Serat Aupuiraxy, of St. Petersburg. Communicated By Henry J. ate F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. at 56 The Effect of change of Clyrante aan We cirrersence of certain species of Lepidoptera. eu GervasE F. Matuew, PAGE R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e. : -- 503 XXII. Descriptions of new species of hologhehalmons state phide. By Rosert ones F.R.S., &c., Treasurer Ent. Soc. Lond. 509 XXIII. Descriptions of four new species of ine conte 18 Fulgora By Wrouram L. Distant, F.E.S. Ne 517 XXIV. On the South American species of Diabrosice, oar ioe pendix to Parts I. and II. By Cuantus J. Gawan, M.A,, F.E.S., Assistant in the Zoological Ree eee as British Museum. 5 so Ural Proceedings for 1891.. i President’s Address .. xliy Index . hii EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Plate I. See pages 1—6 Plates XIII. & XIV. py Ml . 7—61 See pages 223—278 IN Ab eoaade, a So) She ng Ree See pages 63—132 ae Ae See ,, 329—366 VIII. See ,, 133—154 » XVII. See ,, 3867—374 DXeaSee Wie edb 5 168 4) SXCVITe See ois, 9408402 Kee Lon FERIA aes! Hyon A735 —=495 See ,, 179—195 XOX. See ,, 517—519 Mae Sees 19722 Hist of Fellotvs OF THE ENTOMOLOGIGAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, Date of HONORARY FELLOWS. Election. 1875 Burmeister, Hermann Carl Conrad, Buenos Ayres. 1885 Doukrn, Carl August, Stettin. 1863 Hacren, Hermann August, Cambridge, U.S.A. 1884 Mtuuer, Fritz, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil. 1884 OsTEN-SacKkEN, Baron C. R. von, Heidelberg, 1884 Pacxarp, Alpheus §., Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A. 1889 Ruiuey, Prof. Charles V., Washington, U.S.A. 1872 Saussure, Henri F. de, Geneva. 1871 Srnys-Lonecuamps, Baron M. E. de, Liége. 1885 SNELLEN, Pieter C. T., Rotterdam. FELLOWS. Marked * are Original Members. Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions. Date of Tlection. 1877. Apams, Frederick Charlstrom, 68 St. Ermin’s Mansions, Caxton-street, Westminster, S.W. 1877 Apams, Herbert J., Roseneath, London-road, Enfield, N. 1885 Apkxin, Robert, Wellfield, Lingard-road, Lewisham, 8.E. 1891 Apyzr, J. M., Somerford Grange, Christchurch, Hants. 1856 Armitacs, Ed., R.A., 3 Hall-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. 1886 Armore, EH. A., 3 Haylett-terrace, Hxton’s-road, King’s Lynn, Norfolk, b 1886 1890 1886 1887 1884 1865 1861 1890 LIST OF FELLOWS. + Basrneton, Charles Cardale, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S8., &c., Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge, 5 Brookside, Cambridge. Bankes, Eustace R., M.A., Corfe Castle, Dorset. Barcuay, Francis H., F.G.8., Knott’s Green, Leyton, Essex. Bareacut, Nobile Cavaliere Piero, Piazza S. Maria, Palazzo _Tempi No.1, Florence, Italy. Barker, H. W., 147 Gordon-road, Peckhan, 8.E. Barrett, Charles Golding, Inland Revenue Department, Somerset House, W.C.; and 89 Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E. Barton, Stephen, 114 St. Michael's Hill, Bristol. Bates, Henry Walter, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., 11 Carleton- road, Tufnell Park, N. Bazett, Mrs. Eleanor, Springfield, Reading, Berks. 1851 + Beaumont, Alfred, 153 Hither Green Lane, Lewisham, S.E. 1891 1882 1885 1886 1880 1879 1891 1889 1890 1885 * 1886 1875 1876 1891 1888 Brrcuine, Robert A. Dallas, 24 St. James-road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Bere, Carl, Museo Publico, Monte Video, South America. BETHUNE-BAKER, George T., F.L.8., 16 Clarendon-road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Brppisz, F. W., M.A. Lanherne, Albemarle-road, Beckenham, Kent. BIGNELL, George Carter, 7 Clarence-place, Stonehouse, Plymouth. Biuuupes, T. R.,20 Swiss Villas, Coplestone-road, Peckham, S.E. BuaBer, W.H., Groombridge, Sussex. BLANDFORD, Walter F.H.,M.A.,F.Z.8.,48 Wimpole-street, W. Buatcu, W. G., Knowle, near Birmingham. Buatuwayt, Lieut.-Col. Linley, F.L.S., Hagle Howse, Bath- easton, Bath. BLOMEFIELD, The Rey. Leonard, M.A., F.L.S., &e., 19 Bel- mont, Bath. BuLoomFieLD, The Rey. Edwin Newson, M.A., Guwestling Rectory, Hastings. Borrer, Wm., junr., F.G.8., Pakyns Manor House, Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. Boscuer, Edward, Bellevwe House, Twickenham. Booru, George A., Fern Hill, Grange-over-Sands, Carn- forth, Lancashire. Bower, B. A., Langley, Eltham Road, Lee, Kent. 1852 | Boyp, Thomas, Woodvale Lodge, South Norwood Hill, SH. 1867 1886 1877 1870 1890 1879 1878 1887 1886 1890 1883 1855 LIST OF FELLOWS. xl Boyp, William Christopher, Cheshunt, Herts. Briveman, John B., F.L.S., 40 Sé. Giles’, Norwich. Briees, Charles Adolphus, 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C. and Surrey House, Leatherhead, Surrey. Briees, Thos. Henry, M.A., Surrey House, Leatherhead, Surrey. Bristows, B. A., Durlstone, Champion Hill, S.E. Broneniart, Le Chevalier Charles, Memb. Ento. Soe. France, and Memb. Geol. Soc. France, Foreign Corr. Geol. Soc. Lond. &e., 9 Rue Linné, Paris, France. Brown, Capt. Thomas, Drury, Auckland, New Zealand. Brown, Henry Rowland, B.A., Oxhey Grove, Stanmore, Middlesex. Brown, John, 5 King’s Parade, Cambridge. Bryant, George, Somerset Lodge, Old Shirley, near South- anvpton. Bucxton, George Bowdler, F.R.S., F.L.S., Weycombe, Haslemere, Surrey. Burnewi, Edward Henry, 32 peey is W.C. 1868 + Burter, Arthur Gardiner, F.L.S., F.Z.S., British Museum, 1883 1886 1886 1885 1860 1880 1889 1890 1886 1890 1886 South Kensington, 8.W.; and The Lilies, Penge-road, Beckenham, Kent. Butter, HKdward Albert, B.A., B.Sc., 89 Ashby-road, Crouch Hill, N. CALVERT, Wim. Bartlett, Colegio Internacional, 309 Calle Catedral, Santiago, Chili, South America. CaMERON, Peter, Olive Mount, Sale, Cheshire. CAMPBELL, Francis Maule, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &c., Rose Hill, Hoddesdon, Herts. CANDEZE, Dr. E., Glain, Liége. CansDALF, W. D., 6 Whittington-terrace, London-road, Forest Hill, 8.E. Cant, A., care of Fredk. Du Cane Godman, Esq., F.B.S., 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W. CapPEer, Samuel James, F.L.S. (President of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society), Hwyton Park, near Liwerpool. Capron, Edward, M.D., Shere, Gwildford. CARDEN, Major-General George, Douglas Towers, South Hill Park, Bromley, Kent. CARMICHAEL, Sir Thomas David Gibson, Bart., M.A., F.L.S., Chiefswood, Melrose, N.B, no xii LIST OF FELLOWS. 1868 CaRrRINGTON, Charles, Hurst-place, Bexley, Kent. 1890 CartTER, George Wm., M.A., F.L.S., F.R.M.S., Lume Grove, Knottingley, Yorkshire. 1889 + Cave, Charles, 13 Lowndes-square, 8. W. 1871 Cuampion, George. C., F.Z.S., Lrprartan, 11 Calder-Vale- road, Elms Park, Clapham Common, 8.W.; and 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W. 1891 CuHapman, Thomas Algernon, M.D., Fir Bank, Hereford. 1890 CuHatTEeRTON, Frederick J.S., 1382 Queen Victoria-street, B.C. ; and ‘‘ Falcon Craig,’ Gloucester Villas, Ashford, Mid- dlesex. 1891 + Currry, Arthur J., 33 Queen’s-gate Gardens, 8.W. 1889 Curisty, W. M., Watergate, Emsworth, Hants. 1886 } Ciark, John Adolphus, The Broadway, London Fields,N.E. 1867 CuarKE, Alex. Henry, 109 Warwick-road, Earls Court, S.W. 1886 Cuarke, Charles Baron, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., Royal Herbarium, Kew. 1891 CrarKkE, Henry Shortridge, 2 Osborne-terrace, Douglas, Isle of Man. 1891 CockERELL, T. D. A., F.Z.S., The Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica. 1874 Cockie, Major George, M.A., B.Mus., Oxon., 9 Bolton- gardens, S.W. 1873 Con, William, 7 Knighton Villas, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. 1884 CoLuEettT, E. Pyemont, 19 St. John-street, Manchester. 1880 CopLaND, Patrick F., % Hope Villas, Buckhurst Hill, Essez. 1886 CowELL, Peter (Librarian of the Liverpool Free Public Library), William Brown-street, Liverpool. 1867 Cox, Herbert Ed., 34 Harrington-gardens, South Kensing- ton, W. 1888 CreGoE, J. P., Coryton-terrace, Plymouth. 1890 CREWE, Sir Vauncey Harpur, Bart., Calke Abbey, Derbyshire. 1880 + Crisp, Frank, LL.B., B.A., F.L.8., F.G.S., F.R.M.S., 5 Lansdowne-road, Notting Hill, W. 1888 Croker, A. J., 26 Saxon-road, Selhurst, Surrey. 1883 CrowLey, Philip, F.L.8., F.Z.S. Waddon House, Croydon. 1873 Daur, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne, Dorset. 1887 Daurry, The Rey. Thomas W., M.A., F.L.8., Madeley Vicarage, Newcastle, Staffordshire. 1886 Dannatt, Walter, F.Z.8., Ivy Dene, Westcombe Park, Blackheath, 8.E. 1885 Dent, Hastings Charles, C.E., F.L.8., 20 Thurloe-square, S.W. 1886 1875 1887 1891 1885 1873 1886 1845 1889 1874 1884 1867 LIST OF FELLOWS. Xill Dickson, The Rey. Prof. William Purdie, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Divinity in the University of Glasgow, Glasgow. Distant, Wm. Lucas, 1 Russell Hill-road, Purley, Surrey. Dixey, Frederick Augustus, M.A., M.D., Fellow of Wadham College, Wadham College, Oxford; and Thyra House, North Finchley, N. DonnistHoRPE, Horace St. John, 37 Cowrtfield Gardens, S.W. Donovan, Charles, junr., M.D., Surgeon, Army Medical Service, Madras. Doria, Marquis Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa. Dormer, The Right Honourable Lord, Grove Park, Warwick. Dovetas, John Wm., Dartmouth Lodge, 153 Lewisham- road, Lewisham, 8.E. Downine, John W., 59 Lupus-street, St. George’s-square, S.W. Dowsett, Arthur, Castle Hill House, Reading. Drucz, Hamilton H. C. J., 48 Circus-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.8., 48 Circus-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. 1849 | Dunninc, Joseph Wm., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 4 Talbot- 1865 1883 1890 1865 1886 1884 1886 1886 1878 1886 1891 1890 square, Paddington, W. D’Urpan, W. S. M., F.L.S., Moorlands, Exmouth, Devon. Durrant, John Hartley-, The Cottage, Merton Hall, Thetford, Norfolk. Eastwoop, John Edmund, Enton Lodge, Witley, Surrey. Haton, The Rey. Alfred Edwin, M.A., The Vicarage, Shepton Montague, Castle Cary, Somersetshire. Epwarps, James, 131 Rupert-street, Norwich. Epwarps, Stanley, F.Z.8., Kidbrook-lodge, Blackheath,8.E. EvisHa, George, 122 Shepherdess-walk, City-road, N. Euuis, John W., M.B., L.R.C.P., 18 Rodney-street, Liver- pool. Ewes, Henry John, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Colesborne, Andovers- ford R.S.O., Gloucestershire. Enock, Frederick, 11 Parolles-road, Upper Holloway, N. Farrmatre, Leon, 21 Rue dw Dragon, Paris, France. Farn, Albert Brydges, Mownt Nod, Greenhithe, Kent; and Medical Department, Local Government Board, Whitehall, S.W. X1V LIST OF FELLOWS. 1861 Fenn, Charles, Hversden House, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, 8.E. 1886 Fenwick, Nicholas Percival, Holmwood, South Bank, Surbiton Hill, Surrey. 1881 Frrepay, R. W., Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand. 1889 FERNALD, Prof. C. H., Amherst, Mass., U.S.A. 1878 Finzi, John A., Hanover Lodge, 77 St. Helen's Gardens N. Kensington, W. 1874 Fircou, Edward A., F.L.S., Brick House; Maldon, Essex. 1886 Firen, Frederick, Hadleigh House, Highbury New Park,N. 1865 Fietcuer, J. E., 26 McIntyre-road, St. John’s, Worcester. 1883 + FLetcuEr, William Holland B., M.A., Fairlawn, Worthing, Sussex. 1885 Foxksr, A. J. F., Zierikzee, Zeeland, Netherlands. 1880 Fow er, The Rev. Canon, M.A., F.L.S., Secretary, The School House, Lincoln. 1883 Freeman, Francis Ford, Abbotsfield, Tavistock, South Devon. 1888 Fremumn, H. Stuart, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Mereworth, : Maidstone, Kent. 1891 FrouHawk, F. W., 9 Dornton-road, Balham, 8.E. 1855 Fry, Alexander, F.L.S., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood Park, Norwood, 8.E. 1889 FryEr, Charles John, Hmscote-road, Warwick. 1884 Fuuier, The Rev. Alfred, M.A., East Pallant, Chichester. 1887 Ganan, Charles J.,M.A., British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, S.W.; and 8 Rylett Crescent, Shepherd's Bush, W. 1887 Gatton, Francis, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., 42 Rutland Gate, S.W. 1890 GarpneR, John, 6 Friars-Gate, Hartlepool. 1865 + Gopman, Frederick Du Cane, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S, F.Z.8., PRESIDENT, South Lodge, Lower Beeding, Horsham, Sussex; and 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W. 1890 GoxptTHwait, Oliver, 3 Duke of Edinburgh-road, Car- shalton, Surrey. 1886 + GoopricH, Captain Arthur Mainwaring, Aubrey, Lyming- ton, Hants. 1855 Goruam, Rev. Henry Stephen, F.Z.S., The Chestnuts, Shirley Warren, Southampton. 1874 Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., F.G.S., Secretary, Berrylands, Surbiton Hill, Surrey ; and11 Chandos-street, Cavendish- square, W. 1886 1891 1865 1888 LIST OF FELLOWS. XV GreEEN, A. P., Colombo, Ceylon. Green, E. Ernest, 10 Observatory Gardens, Campden Hill, W. GREENE, The Rey. Joseph, M.A., Rostrevor, Clifton, Bristol. GRIFFITHS, G. C., 48 Caledonian-place, Clifton, Bristol. 1890 + Hatz, A. E., Norbury, Pitsmoor, Sheffield. 1885 1891 1891 1891 1877 1886 1889 1889 1881 1888 1891 Hau, Thomas William, “ Stanhope,” The Crescent, Croy- don. Hampson, G. F., B.A., Thurnham Court, Maidstone, Kent. Hansury, Frederick J., F.L.S., 69 Clapton Common, Clapton, N.E. Hanson, R. E. Vernon, B.A., Monson Colonnade, Tun- bridge Wells, Kent. Harpine, George, The Grove, Fishponds, Bristol. Harris, John T., Newton-road, Burton-on-Trent. Harrison, John, 7 Gawber-road, Barnsley, Yorkshire. Henn, Arnold Umfreville, Heaton Chapel Rectory, near Stockport. Henry, George, 38 Wellington-square, Hastings. Hiees, Martin Stanger, Clarence House, Russell-street, Gloucester. Hit, Henry A., 182, Haverstock Hill, Hampstead, N.W. 1876 + Hittman, Thomas Stanton, Hastgate-street, Lewes. 1890 1888 1887 1887 1886 Hopexinson, J. B., Ellerslie, Ashton-on-Ribble, Preston, Lancashire. Hopson, The Rev. J. H., B.A., Wordfield, Clive-road, Penarth, Cardiff. Houuanp, The Rev. W. J., D.D., Ph.D., 5th Avenue, Pittsburg, Penn., United States. HonratH, Ed. G., 8 Unter den Linden, Berlin. Horner, A. C., Tonbridge, Kent. 1876 + Horniman, Fredk. John, F.L.S., F.Z.8., F.R.G.S., &c., Surrey Mount, Forest Hill, 8.B. 1865 + Hupp, A. E., ‘‘ Clinton,” Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol. 1888 Hupson, George Vernon, The Post Office, Wellington, New Zealand. 1880 } IncuBaxD, Peter, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Grosvenor Terrace, Horn- 1891 sea, Holderness. IsaBELL, The Rev. John, 65 Waddon Old-road, Croydon. XV1 LIST OF FELLOWS. 1886 Jacospy, Martin, 7 Hemstall-road, West Hampstead, N.W. 1885 + James, Harry Berkeley, F.Z.8., F.R.G.8., Las Salinas, Valparaiso, Chili; and The Oaks, Woodmansterne, near Epsom, Surrey. 1869 Janson, Oliver E., Perth-road, Stroud Green, N.; and 35 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C. 1886 JENNER, James Herbert Augustus, 4 East-street, Lewes. 1886 Joun, Evan, Llantrissant, Pontypridd, Glamorganshire. 1889 Jounson, The Rey. W. F., M.A., Winder-terrace, Armagh, Ireland. 1888 Jonss, Albert H., Shrublands, Eltham, Kent. 1884 Kanz, W. F. de Vismes, M.A., M.R.LA., Sloperton Lodge, Kingstown, Ireland. 1884 Kapprz, A. W.,F.L.8.,5 Burlington Gardens, Chiswick, W. 1876 + Kay, John Dunning, Leeds. 1884 Keays, F. Lovell, F.L.8., 26 Charles-street, St. James, S.W. 1890 Kenrick, G. H., Whetstone, Somerset-road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. 1886 Kew, H. Wallis, 5 Giesbach-road, Upper Holloway, N. 1890 Kimper, Miss M., Cope Hall, Enborne, Newbury, Berks. 1890 Kine, J. J. F. X., 207 Sauchiehall-street, Glasgow. 1861 Kirsy, William F., F.L.8., 5 Burlington Gardens, Chis- wick, We 1889 KuaprAuex, Professor Franz, Zoological Department, Royal Museum, Prague, Bohemia. 1887 + Kunin, Sydney T., F.L.S., F.R.A.S. (Hon. Treasurer, Middlesex Natural History and Science Society), The Red House, Stanmore, Middlesex. 1876 Kraarz, Dr. G., 28 Link-strasse, Berlin. 1868 Lane, Colonel A. M., R.E., 7 Medina Villas, West Brighton. 1887 | LeEcu, John Henry, B.A., F.L.S., F.Z.8., F.R.G.S., &c., 29 Hyde Park Gate, S.W. 1891 Leteu, The Hon. Mary Cordelia Emily, Stoneleigh Abbey, Kenilworth. 1883 Lemann, Fredk. Charles, Blackfriars House, Plymouth. 1876 Lewis, George, F.L.8., 101 Sandgate-road, Folkestone. 1886 Livert, H. W., M.D., Wells, Somerset. LIST OF FELLOWS. XVll 1865 + Lurwetyn, Sir J. Talbot Dillwyn, Bart., M.A., F.L.S., Ynisgerwn, Neath. 1881 + Luoyp, Alfred, F.C.S., The Dome, Bognor, Sussex. 1885 Luoyp, Robert Wylie, St. Cuthberts, Thurleigh-road Nightingale-lane, Clapham Common. 1850 Lowr, W. H., M.D., Woodcote Lodge, Inner Park-road, Wimbledon Park, 8.W. 1850 + Lusgsocx, The Right Honble. Sir John, Bart., M.P., D.C.L., FE.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.8., &e., High Elms, Farnborough, Kent. 1880 Lupron, Henry, Lyndhurst, North Grange-rd., Headingley, Leeds. 1887 M‘Doucatt, James Thomas, Duwnolly, Morden-road, Blackheath, 8.E. 1851 + M‘Invosu, J. 1888 Macxinnon, P. W., The Old Brewery, Masurt, Western Himalayas, India. 1858 McLacuuan, Robert, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., TREAsuRER, Westview, Clarendon-road, Lewisham, 8.h. 1887 Manpers, Neville, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.8., Medical Staff Mess, Rawal Pindi, India. 1891 Manager, William, 100 Manor-road, New Cross, S.E. 1865 Marsnatt, The Rev. Thos. Ansell, M.A., Botusfleming Rectory, Hatt, Cornwall. 1856 + MarsHaut, William, Auchinraith, Bexley, Kent. 1874 + Mason, Philip Brookes, M.R.C.S., F.L.8., Burton-on-Trent. 1865 Maruew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.8., F.R.G.S., Lee House, Dovercourt, Essex. 1887 MarueEws, Coryndon, Hrme Wood, Ivybridge, South Devon. 1860 May, John William, K.N.L., Blenheim House, Parson's Green-lane, Fulham, 8.W. 1872 | Mexpoua, Prof. Raphael, F'.R.S., F.R.A.S8., F.C.8S., Vicx- PRESIDENT, 6 Brunswick-square, W.C. 1885 MELVILL, James Cosmo, M.A., F.L.S., &e., HEEL Cottage, Prestwich, Lancashire. 1887 MerrirteLD, Frederic, 24 Vernon-terrace, Brighton. 1888 Meryer-Darcis, care of Sogin & Meyer, Wohlen, Switzer- land. 1880 Meyrick, Edward, B.A., F.Z.8., Ramsbury, Hungerford, Berkshire. XVill 1883 1879 1853 1886 LIST OF FELLOWS. Mites, W. H., The New Club, Calcutta. Montetro, Senhor Antonio Augusto de Carvalho, 72 Rua do Alecrion, Lisbon. Moors, Frederic, F.Z.S., A.L.S., Claremont House, Avenue-road, Croydon-road, Penge, 8.E. Morean, A. C. F., F.L.S., Villa Nova de Gaya, Oporto, Portugal. 1889 + Moricr, The Rey. F.D., M.A., Fellow of Queen’s College, 1889 Oxford, 27 Hillmorton-road, Rugby. Mostery, 8. L., Beawmont Park, Huddersfield. 1869 + Mituer, Albert, F.R.G.S. 1872 + Murray, Lieut. H. 1886 1886 1889 1887 1878 1890 1882 1886 1886 1878 1869 1877 1883 1873 1°86 1878 1880 Morcu, J. P., 8359 Hornsey-road, N. Neave, B. W., 95 Queen’s-road, Brownswood Park, N. NEvINSON, Basil George, M.A., F.Z.S., 6 Tite-street, Chelsea, S.W. Newman, The Rev. W. J. H., M.A., The Vicarage, Steeple Barton, Oxon. Newman, Thomas P., F.Z.S., 54 Hatton Garden, E.C.; and Hazelhurst, Haslemere, Surrey. NEWSTEAD, R., The Musewm, Chester. Nic&viuue, Lionel de, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Indian Museum ; and 13 Kyd-street, Calcutta. NicHouson, William E., School Hill, Lewes, Sussex. Norris, Herbert E., 15 Market Place, Cirencester. NorripGe, Thomas, Ashford, Kent. OBERTHUR, Charles (fils), Rennes, France. OBERTHUR, René, Rennes, France. OLDFIELD, George W., M.A., F.L.8., F.Z.S., 21 Longridge- road, Earls Court, 8.W. OxiviER, Ernest, Ramillons, prés Moulins (Allier), France. OuutrF, Arthur Sidney, Government Entomologist, Depart- ment of Agriculture, Macquarie-street, Sydney, N. 8S. Wales. OrmeERoD, Miss Eleanor A., F.R.Met.S., Torrington House, Holywell Hill, St. Albans, Herts. OrmMEROD, Miss Georgiana, Torrington House, Holywell Hill, St. Albans, Herts. 1841 } Owen, Sir Richard, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., M.D., F.R.S8., F.L.S. F.G.8., &., Sheen Lodge, Richmond Park, 8.W. LIST OF FELLOWS. X1X 1854 Pascozn, Francis P., F.L.S., 1 Burlington-road, West- bourne Park, W. 1888 PENNINGTON, F., jun., Broome Hall, Holmwood, Surrey. 1883 Prrineury, Louis, South African Musewm, Cape Town, South Africa. 1879 PrErRxKins, Vincent Robt., Wotton-wnder-Hdge, Gloucester- shire. 1887 Puruuies, Charles Edmund Stanley, Castle House, Shooter’s Hull, Kent. 1891 Pierce, Frank Nelson, 143 Smithdown Lane, Liverpool. 1885 Pout, J. R. H. Neerwort van der, Heerengracht 476, Amsterdam. 1870 + Porritt, Geo. T., F.L.8., Greenfield House, Huddersfield. 1884 + Poutton, Edward B., M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.Z.8., Wykeham House, Banbury-road, Oxford. 1851 Preston, The Rey. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.S., Thur- caston fectory, Leicester. 1876 PREUDHOMME DE Borers, Alfred , Rue Scutin11, Schaerbeck, Brussels. 1878 Price, David, 48 West-street, Horsham, Sussex. 1886 Raconot, H. L. (Ex-President Ento. Soc. France), 12 Quai de la Rapée, Paris. 1882 | RamspEn, Hildebrand, M.A., F.L.S., 26 Upper Bedford- place, Russell-square, W.C. 1874 Rerzp, Edwyn C., Banos de Cauquenes, Valparaiso, Chili. 1891 Ret, William, Prtcaple, Aberdeenshire. 1890 RenpiesHam, The Right Honble. Lord, Rendlesham Hall, Woodbridge, Suffolk. 1886 Ruopes, John, F.R.M.S., 860 Blackburn-road, Accrington, Lancashire. 1891 RicHarpson, Nelson M., B.A., Montevideo, near Weymouth, Dorset. - 1853 Ripon, The Most Honourable The Marquis of, K.G., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.8., &c., 9 Chelsea Himbankment, S.W. 1889 Rosinson, Arthur, B.A., Brettanby Manor, Darlington. 1869 + Ropinson-Dovenas, William Douglas, M.A., F.L.S., F.R.G.8., Orchardton, Castle Douglas, N.B. 1890 Rosson, John Emmerson, Hartlepool. 1886 Ross, Arthur J., 5 Royal Exchange Avenue, B.C. 1868 Rotuney, George Alexander James, 15 Versailles-road, Norwood, 8.E, XEX: LIST OF FELLOWS. 1888 RotuscHILp, The Honble. Walter de, F.Z.S., 148 Piccadilly, W.; and Tring Park, Tring, Herts. 1890 Rovriepes, G. B., 50 Russell-square, W.C. 1865 Rytanps, Thos. Glazebrook, F.L.S., F.G.8., Highfields, Thelwall, Warrington. 1885 Saset, Ernest, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., Lynton House, South Side, Clapham Common, S.W. 1875 Saxe, Auguste, 13 Rwe Guy de la Brosse, Paris. 1866 + Satvin, Osbert, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., V.P.Z.S., 10 Chandos- street, Cavendish-sq., W.; and Hawksfold, Fernhurst, Haslemere. 1886 Satwey, Reginald E., ‘‘ Peace Wold,’ Radnor Park-road, Folkestone. 1865 + SaunpDERS, Edward, F.L.8S., St. Ann’s, Mount Hermon, Woking, Surrey. 1861 + SaunpERs, G.S., 20 Dents-rd., Wandsworth Common, S.W. 1886 SaunpeErs, Prof. Wm., London, Ontario, Canada (President of the Entomological Society of Ontario). 1881 Sconuick, A. J., 26 Warwick-road, Earl's Court, S.W. 1886 ScuppER, Samuel H., Cambridge, Mass., United States. 1875 + Srary, Alfred Forbes, Cochin, South India. 1864 Srmper, George, care of Bernhard Beer, Esq., 10 Newgate- street, E.C. 1862 Suarp, David, M.A., M.B., C.M., F.R.S., F.L.8., F.Z.S., Vicr-PRESIDENT, Hawthorndene, Hills-road, Cambridge ; and University Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Cambridge. 18838 Suaw, A. Eland, Wandsworth Dispensary, Wandsworth, S.W. 1883 + SHELLEY, Capt. George Ernest, F.G.S., F.Z.8., 18 Rutland Gate, W. 1887 Sicu, Alfred, Burlington Lane, Chiswick, W. 1887 Sipe@wick, A., M.A. (Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford), 64 Woodstock-road, Oxford. 1877 Suarer, John Wm., 36 Wray-crescent, Tollington Park, N. 1883 Smiru, Frederick W., Hollywood, Lewisham Hill, 8.E. 1869 Smirn, Henley Grose, F.Z.8., 5 Bryanston-square, Hyde Park, W. 1885 Sir, Sidney Philip, 22 Rylett-road, Shepherds Bush, W. 1885 Sout, Richard, 12 Abbey-gardens, St. John’s Wood, N.W. * +Spence, William Blundell, Hlorence, Italy. LIST OF FELLOWS. XX1 1891 Sr. Joun, The Rev. John Seymour, B.A., 42 Castlewood- road, Stamford Hull, N. 1848 + Stainton, Henry Tibbats, F.R.S., F.L.8., Mowntsfield, Lewisham, 8.E. 1889 STANDEN, Richard 8., 67 Harl’s Court-square, South Ken- sington, W. 1890 Stearns, A. E., New Mills Vottage, Henley-on-Thames. 1862 Stevens, John S., 7 Ravenna-road, Putney, 8.W. 1837 Stevens, Samuel, F.L.S., Loanda, Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood, S.E. 1891 Stitt, Major John Nathaniel, 4 Westcliff-terrace, Seaton, Devon; and Junior United Service Club, Charles-street, St. James’, S.W. 1889 Srtraton, C. R., F.R.C.8., West Lodge, Wilton, Wilts. 1886 Surrace, J. Lyddon, B.A., 76 Regent’s Park-road, N.W. 1882 Swanzy, Francis, Stanley House, Granville-road, Sevenoaks. 1884 SwinHor, Colonel Charles, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Avenue House, Cowley-road, Oxford. 1876 Swinton, A. H., Tudor Villas, Gery-street, Bedford. 1886 THEoBaALD, F. V., B.A., Chestnut Grove, Kingston-on- Thames. 1889 THORNEWILL, The Rev. C. F., M.A., Burton-on-Trent. 1859 + TrimeN, Roiand, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Curator of South African Museum), Cape Town, Cape Colony. 1891 TuUFFNELL, Carleton, Greenlands, Border-crescent, Syden- ham, 8.E. 1886 Turt, J. W., Rayleigh Villa, Westecombe Park, Blackheath, S.E. 1869 VaucHaN, Howard W. J., Woodford Green, Essex; and 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C. 1866 VERRALL, George Henry, Sussex Lodge, Newmarket. 1889 Vivian, H. W., Glenafon, Taiback, South Wales; and Trinity College, Cambridge. 1876 WakEFIELD, Charles Marcus, F.L.S., Belmont, Uxbridge. 1886 Watrker, Alfred O., F.L.8., Nant Glyn, Colwyn Bay, Denbighshire. 1870 Waker, The Rev. Francis Augustus, D.D., F.L.S., Dun Mallard, Cricklewood, N.W, XXli LIST OF FELLOWS. 1878 Watxer, JAMEs J., R.N., F.L.S., 23 Ranelagh-road, Marine Town, Sheerness. 1863 + Watuace, Alfred Russel, D.C.L., Oxon., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e., Corfe View, Parkstone, Dorset. 1889 Watutey, The Rev. John, Wuhu, China. 1866 + WausineHam, The Right Hon. Lord, M.A., LL.D., F.B.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Vicz-PResipEnt, High Steward of the University of Cambridge, Haton House, 66.4 Eaton-square, 8.W.; and Merton Hall, Thetford, Norfolk. 1886 WarREN, William, M.A., 3 Kempson-road, Walham Green, S.W.; and British Museum, Cromwell-road, S.W. 1869 WatERHOUSE, Charles O., Ingleside, Avenue Gardens, Acton, W.; and British Museum, Cromwell-road, S.W. 1891 + Watson, Capt. E. Y., F.Z.8., Indian Staff Corps, 5 Lypziatt- terrace, Cheltenham. 1845 Weir, John Jenner, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Chirbury, Beckenham, Kent. 1876 + WEsTERN, EH. Young, 27 Craven Hill Gardens, Bays- water, W. * ‘Westwoop, John Obadiah, M.A., F.L.S. (Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford), Honorary LiFe PRESIDENT, 67 Woodstock-road, Oxford. 1882 WerymeErR, Gustav, Sadowa-strasse 21a, Elberfeld, Rhenish Prussia. ; 1886 WHEELER, Francis D., M.A., LL.D., Paragon House School, Norwich. 1868 + Wuitz, F. Buchanan, M.D., F.L.S., Annat Lodge, Perth, N.B. 1865 Wuuter, The Rev. W. Farren, M.A., Stonehouse Vicarage, Gloucestershire. 1884 Wate, William, The Ruskin Museum, Meersbrook Park, Sheffield. 1882 Wiuiams, W. J., Zoological Society, Hanover-square, W. 1881 Woop, The Rev. Theodore, Merton Cottage, Baldock, Herts. 1891 WrovucurTon, R. C., Conservator of Forests, Poonah, India. 1888 Yerrsury, Major J. W., R.A., Colombo, Ceylon. 1886 Youna, Morris, Free Musewm, Paisley, N.B, ( sSanit )) AID ERON Ss Oe WE) Pa eB AS Ey Durine THE YEAR 1891. nn Abeille (L’). Journal d’Entomologie. Tome XXVII., Nos. 2—8. The Editor. Agricultural Gazette of N. 8. Wales. Vol. I., parts 2 and 3. Vol. II., parts 1—9. The Director. American Naturalist (The). Vol. XXYV., Nos. 289—297. The Publishers. Bere (Carlos). Sobre la Carpocapsa saltitans (Westw.) y la Grapholitha motrix (Berg), n. sp. The Author. Dyscophus onthophagus un nuevo grillo Uruguayo Cavernicola, The Author. Borre (A. Preudhomme de). Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de Limbourg. Coléoptéres. 4éme centurie. 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Vol. II., Annelés, 2iéme partie. Orthoptéres. Moulins, 1891. The Author. Lampyrides rapportés de Birmanie par M. L. Fea, avee descrip- tions des espéces nouvelles. Genova, 1891. The Author. Ormerop (Eleanor A.). Report of Observations of Injurious Insects during the year 1890 (14th Report). The Authoress. Osporn (Herbert). The Pediculi and Mallophaga affecting Man and the Lower Animals. Washington, 1891, The Author. (sexe) OscHaNnin (B.). The Zoogeographical Character of the Fauna of the Hemiptera of Turkestan. Taschkent, 1891. Pacnarp (A. S.). On some Points in the external Structure and Phylo- geny of Lepidopterous Larve. 1890. The Author. Fifth Report of the U.S. Entomological Commission on Insects injurious to Forest and Shade Trees. Washington, 1890. The Department of Agriculture. Pascox (F. P.). The Darwinian Theory of the Origin of Species. London, A Summary of the Darwinian Theory of the Origin of Species. London, 1891. The Author. Pecxuam (Geo. W. and ElizabethG.). Additional Observations on Sexual Selection in Spiders of the Family Attide. Milwaukee, 1890. The Authors. Phylloxera.—Rapport de la Station Viticole 4 Lausanne, 1890. Rapports de la Commission Administrative sur l’exercice, 1890. Assurance mutuelle contre le Phylloxera. Neufchatel, 1891. Le Phylloxera dans le Canton de Genéve en 1890. Report of the Phylloxera Commission, Cape of Good Hope, 1890. The Director, Roy. Gardens, Kew. REDTENBACHER (Josef). Monographie der Conocephaliden. Wien, 1891. The Author. Rintey (Charles V.). Report of the Entomologist for 1890. Insects affecting the Hackberry. The Insectivorous Habits of the English Sparrow. Reports of Observations and Experiments in the practical work of the Division of Entomology, 1890. Destructive Locusts (or ‘‘Grasshoppers’’) of the United States. The Author. SaunpErRS (Edward). The Tongues of the British Hymenoptera Antho- phila. 1890. The Author. Saussure (Henri de). Histoire naturelle des Hyménoptéres de Mada- gascar. P.I.(21 planches). Paris, 1890. The Author. ScuppeEr (S. H.). The Fossil Insects of North America, with Notes on some Huropean Species. 2 vols. 4to. New York, 1890. A Classed and Annotated Bibliography of Fossil Insects. Washington, 1890. Index to the known Fossil Insects of the World, including Myriapods and Arachnids. Washington, 1891. The Author. Saitu (John B.). Contributions toward a Monograph of the Noctuide of Temperate N. America :— (a) Revision of Homohadena (Grote). (b) Revision of Hadena referable to Xylophasia and Luperina. The Author. Sr. Joun (Rev. J. Seymour). Larva Collecting and Breeding. J. W. Dunning. C (iexexyl 2) SocretrEs, ScrentrFrc (Transactions of) :— (ApELAIDE.) Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. Vol. XIII, part 2. Vol. XIV., part 1. The Society. (Berun.) Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. Jahrgang 1891, Heft I. By Exchange. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. Band XXXIYV., XXXV., 1890; and Band XXXVI., Heft I., 1891. By Exchange. (Bompay.) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Vol. V., Nos. 2 to 4. Vol. VI., No. 1. The Society. (Boston.) Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. XXY., parts 1 and 2. The Society. (Briinn.) Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Vereines in Briinn. Band XXVIII. 1890. The Society. (Brussets.) Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belyique. 1890. The Society. Bulletin de l’Académie Royale de Belgique. 3éme serie, 18 a21. Mémoires Couronnés (in 4to), t. L., LI. Do. Do. (in 8vo), t. 43 a 45. Annuaires 1890 et 1891. The Academy. (Buckuurst Hinu.) The Essex Naturalist,—the Journal of the Essex Field Club. Vol. V., parts 1—6. The Club. (BuENos Ayres.) Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires. Tomo II1., Entrega 5. The Museum. Revista Argentina de Historia Natural. Tomo I., Entrega 1 to 5. The Editor. (Cazn.) Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie. 4e Serie. 4e Vol. 1891. The Society. (CamBRipcE, Mass.) 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Proceedings and Transactions of the Noya Scotian Institute of Natural Science. Vol. VII., part 4. The Institute. (Sixexva |) Socretigs, Screntiric (Transactions of), continued :— (Hampurc.) Verhandlungen des Vereins fiir naturwissenschaftliche Unterhaltung. VII. Band. 1891. The Society. (Kinaston, Jamaica.) Journal of the Institute of Jamaica. Vol. L., No. l. The Institute. (Lonvon.) Proceedings of the Royal Society. Nos. 295 to 302. The Society. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology). Vol. XXIII., Nos. 147 and 148. Vol. XXIV., Nos. 149 and 150. The Society. Transactions of the Linnean Society. 2nd Series (Zoology). Vol. V., parts 4 to 7. The Society. Proceedings of the Linnean Society. 1888—1890. The Society. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society, 1891, parts 1 to 3. The Society. Transactions of the Zoological Society. Vol. XIII., part 3. The Society. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 3rd Series. Vol. II., parts 1 and 2. The Society. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1891, parts 1 to 5. The Society. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club. Series II. Vol. IV., Nos. 28 and 29. The Club. The Naturalist, a Journal of Natural History for the North of England. 1891. The Editors. (Montreau.) Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. 1890. The Society. (Moscow.) Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. 1890, Nos.2 to 4. 1891,No.1. The Society. (Paris.) Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 1890. The Society. (PHinapELPHIA.) Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Vol. XVII., Nos. 3 and 4. Vol. XVIII., No. 1. The Society. (ScHAFFHAUSEN.) Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Hntomolo- gischen Gesellschaft. Vol. VIII., Heft 5 to 8. 1890—1891. The Society. (StEertTin.) Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 52 Jahrgang, 1 to 6. 1891. The Society. (SypnEy.) Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 2nd Series. Vol. V. 1891. The Society. Records of the Australian Museum. Hdited by H. P. Ramsay, LL.D. Vol. 1., Nos. 4 to 9. 1890—1891. The Musewm. The 36th Annual Report of the Trustees of the Australian Museum for 1889. The Museun. (Topexa, Kansas.) Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Vol. XII. 1889 and 1890. The Acadenvy. (Tounouse.) Bulletin de la Societé d’histoire naturelle. 24iéme année. Avril a Juin, 1890. The Society. (Vienna.) Verhandlungen der k. k. zool.-bot. in Wien. XL. Band, 3and 4. XLI. Band, 1 and 2, Lhe Society. (Sxxvi 4) Societies, Screntiric (Transactions of), continwed :— (WasurIneron.) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Wash- ington. Vol. II., No. 1. The Society. (Wetuineron, N. Z.) Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. Vol. XXIII. 1890. The Institute. (WERNIGERODE, Saxony.) Schriften der Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein des Hartzes. V. Band. 1890. The Society. Srarnton (H. T.). The Larvee of the British Butterflies and Moths, by (the late) W. Bucxter. Vol. IV. (Noctue, Part I.). J. W. Dunning. TuHomson (C. G.). Opuscula Entomologica. Fase. XV. Purchased. Turr (J. W.). The British Noctue and their Varieties. Vol. I. 1891. The Author. Verrauu (G. H.). A List of British Diptera. 1888. The Author. Wartty (Alfred). Catalogue Raisonné of Silk-producing Lepidoptera. 1891. The Author. Watson (KE. Y.). Hesperiide Indice. 1891. The Author. Woop-Mason (James). A Catalogue of the Mantodea. No.2. 1891. Trustees of the Indian Museum. Natural Notes from H.M. Indian Marine Survey. Series II. No.1. Crustacea. The Author. Zoological Record for 1889. Purchased. Zoologist (The). London, 1891. T. P. Newman. THE PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LONDON For THE YrarR 1891. HH February 4, 1891. Freperick DuCane Gopman, Ksq., M.A., F.R.§., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective Donors. Nomination of Vice-Presidents. The President nominated Lord Walsingham, M.A., F.B.5., Professor R. Meldola, F.R.S., and Dr. D. Sharp, F.R.S., Vice-Presidents for the Session 1891-92. Election of Fellows. Dr. Thomas A. Chapman, M.D., of ‘‘ Firbank,” Hereford; Mr. Horace St. John Donisthorpe, of 37, Courtfield Gardens, S.W.; Mr. F. W. Frohawk, of 9, Dornton Road, Balham, S.E.; Mr. EH. Ernest Green, of 10, Obser- vatory Gardens, Kensington, W.; Mr. G. F. Hampson, B.A., of Thurnham Court, Maidstone; Mr. F. J. Hanbury, F.L.S., of 69, Clapton Common, Upper Clapton, N.E.; and the PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., I., 1891. B (Ge) Hon. Mary Cordelia E. Leigh, of Stoneleigh Abbey, Kenil- worth, were elected Fellows of the Society. E«hibitions, dc. Mr. C. J. Gahan called attention to a larva which he had exhibited at the meeting of the Society on the 1st October last, when some doubt was expressed as to its affinities. He said that Prof. Riley and Dr. Packard had since suggested that the larva was that of a dipterous insect of the family Blepharoceride ; he was quite of the same opinion, and thought it might probably be referred to Hammatorrhina bella, Low, a species from Ceylon. Mr. Tutt exhibited a long series of Agrotis pyrophila, taken last year by Mr. Reid, near Pitcaple, in Aberdeenshire, and remarked that this species had been commoner than usual last year in Scotland, the Isle of Portland, and the Isle of Man. He also exhibited long and variable series of Melitea aurinia (artemis), Triphena orbona, Abraxas grossulariata, and Melanippe fluctuata, all from the same locality in Aberdeen- shire. The Rev. Canon Fowler exhibited a cocoon of Deiopeia pulchella, recently received from Lower Burmah. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited specimens of Scyphophorus interstitialis, a Mexican species, and -4ceraius Comptoni, a Ceylonese species, recently taken by Mr. Bowring in his green- house. He also exhibited, on behalf of Miss Emily M. Sharpe, a specimen of Daphnis hypothous, Cramer, a native of Borneo, Java, and Ceylon, caught some years ago at Crieff, N.B. The specimen was formerly identified as Cherocampa nerii, under which name its capture was recorded in ‘The Ento- mologist,’ xiii. p. 162 (1880). The Rev. Dr. Walker exhibited a collection of Insecta and Arachnida, including many species of Orthoptera and Scorpiodea, recently received from Jerusalem. Papers &¢., read. Mr. Frederick Enock read an interesting paper entitled ‘“The Life-History of the Hessian Fly.” He commenced by mentioning the fact that though nearly a hundred papers ( ii ) had been written on the Hessian Fly by entomologists hailing from all parts of the globe, but few had the stamp of genuine originality, the greater part being mere compilations by so- called ‘‘arm-chair naturalists,” whose ignorance of the subject was proved by the mistakes they copied from the papers of previous compilers, who seldom gave the dates when their observations were supposed to have been made, which dates ' he considered to be of the utmost importance when following out the life-history of any insect. Those Fellows who desired information on the subject would find every fact relating to the history of the insect mentioned in the full account in the Transactions, verified by the date and time of day when the observation of such fact was made. The author stated that the Hessian Fly generally makes its first appearance in May, the greater part of the first brood emerging during June, and many up to the middle of July. Copulation takes place during the early morning hours, imme- diately after which the female proceeds to oviposit on the wheat and barley, laying her eggs in the longitudinal ridges of the upper surface of the freshest leaves, placing them in rows of from three to ten on each plant, and so laid that when the larve emerge their heads are towards the base of the leaves. In warm moist weather the eggs hatch in four days; the tiny larvee work their way down the ridges until they arrive at the leaf-sheath, between which and the stem they force their way down to a short distance above the joint, where they fix them- selves head downwards and towards the stem, the juices of which the larve steadily appropriate for their sustenance. As they increase in size so does the barley plant; but the latter is much weakened by the constant drain, which goes on for about twenty days, and though an ear is formed it is gene- rally a poor one, sickly looking, with half-developed grain too heavy for the weakened stem to bear through a heavy storm of wind or rain, and it soon bends down at the injured joint, just above the point where the larvee have been feeding; the ear resting on the ground is destroyed by the first prowling mouse. When full grown the larva discontinues feeding, the outer skin dries up and becomes of a bright red chestnut colour somewhat resembling a ‘“‘ flawseed’’; and it was when in this (iw ) stage that Mr. George Palmer first discovered it in Hertford- shire on July the 27th, 1886, though most practical entomolo- gists are now agreed that it had then been present in this country for some years. Whilst the change from larva to ‘« flaxseed,” or, more correctly speaking, to the coarctate larva or the puparium state has been going on, a most wonderful change has taken place inside; the larva in its third stage becoming detached and perfectly free from the dried up skin of the original larva. Below the mouth, on the second seg- ment, is now to be seen the so-called ‘‘ anchor process”’; various authors have expressed their opinions as to the use of this organ, the original idea being that it was used by the larva in obtaining its food. This error has been copied in the most orthodox ‘ follow-my-leader”’ fashion, clearly proving that the various stages had not been examined, for anyone who will look at a feeding larva will see at cence that the anchor process is not present. _ Myr. Enock said that although all authors state that the larva fixes itself head downwards and towards the stem, not one has ever explained how the fly emerges from this position. It was only after long and most careful observation and dis- section of the larva in its third stage that he was enabled to discover the true purpose of this small, and apparently insig- nificant, piece of apparatus known as the “anchor process.” When the larva has arrived at full growth and reached the puparium state, the internal larva lies dormant during the winter and spring months until the middle of May, when it commences to reverse its position and turn round within the puparium. Thisit is enabled to do by pressing the bifid points of the anchor process against the inside of the shell; then moving its body a short distance down it presses the sharp dorsal spines into the opposite side, releases the anchor pro- cess, and fixing it a little higher up it moves the body a little round and downwards; the head is again moved upwards, and so these movements go on until the larva has completely reversed its position from head downwards and inwards to head upwards and outwards in close proximity to the outer leaf- sheath. The larva soon changes toa pupa, casting its skin and anchor process ; in about thirteen days the fly is matured, and ( we ) the pupa forces its way through the brittle skin of the puparium and leaf-sheath, and in less than an hour anda half the fly has emerged, dried its wings, and flown away to seek a partner. The author stated that careful experiments, carried on from year to year, to ascertain whether the Hessian Fly is partheno- genetic have proved that it is not; but an interesting fact was discovered regarding the polygamous habits of the male, many having been isolated and proved to be able to impregnate six females. Puparia kept perfectly dry for two years produced perfect flies, showing that it was possible for the pest to have been introduced into America by the Hessian troops. Mr. Knock thought that the only way to keep this terrible scourge down was by breeding the parasites and turning them down in infested localities; but he did not see any chance that such a suggestion,—though its utility had been proved by hard facts,--would ever be acted on in Great Britain. In America, however, Professor Riley, the eminent State Entomologist, had accepted Mr. Enock’s offer to send over puparia con- taining the most prolific parasite, viz., Semiotellus nigripes; and Mr. Enock said that before the end of March between two and three thousand parasitised puparia would be in the hands of Professor Riley, who was not one to chill the enthusiasm of an entomologist by saying ‘‘ It can’t be done,” or ‘It is not practicable.’’ The paper was most elaborately illustrated by some sixty photographs thrown upon a large screen by the aid of a powerful oxy-hydrogen lantern, so that every detail could be distinctly seen by the large number of Fellows and visitors present at the meeting. Mr. G. H. Verrall said he believed the Hessian Fly was no more a recent introduction into this country than the Cabbage White Butterflies. He thought that the fact of its having so many parasites proved it to be an old inhabitant of Britain. When it was first introduced into America its parasites did not accompany it, and it con- sequently spread very rapidly; but since its parasites have appeared it has not done so much damage. Mr. Verrall further stated that the presence of the Hessian Fly had long ({ bya.) been known in Hssex and Lincolnshire, and that in the former county affected wheat was known as ‘“‘ Knickle-down,” i. e. ** Knuckle-down ’”’ wheat. The discussion was continued by Mr. Godman, Mr. Enock, and others. Mr. Roland Trimen communicated a paper entitled ‘“‘ On some recent Additions to the List of South African Butter- flies.” Mr. H. W. Bates communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Additions to the Carabideous Fauna of Mexico, with remarks on species previously recorded.” Mr. W. F. Kirby read a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on the genus Xanthospilopteryx, Waller.” Dr. D. Sharp contributed a paper entitled ‘On the Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan,’’ Pt. 2. March 4, 1891. The Rt. Hon. Lord Watsinenam, M.A., F.R.S., Vice- President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective Donors. Exhibitions, dc. Mr. F. P. Pascoe exhibited, and made remarks on, a curious Coleopterous larva, with a case somewhat resembling that of the Lepidopterous genus Psyche, which was found at the Theatre of Bacchus, Athens. Mr. J. W. Douglas sent for exhibition specimens of Icerya (Crossatosoma) egyptiaca, which, through the kindness of Mr. A. D. Michael, he had received from Alexandria on the 19th January last. It was stated that in travelling most of them had become loose, and had lost their waxen appendages ; but a few still remained on the stems of their food-plant. In connection with this subject, Mr. G. H. Verrall alluded to a Dipterous parasite of Icerya from Adelaide—Lestophonus icerye, Williston—which had been bred from Icerya Purchasi, Mask., last February. Mr. M‘Lachlan and Lord Walsingham con- tinued the discussion. (Ay) Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a long and interesting series of Triphena comes (orbona), from various parts of the South of England, Yorkshire, Forres, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Lewis, and the North of Ireland. Mr. G. F. Hampson exhibited a series of varieties of Plotheia frontalis, Walk., which was the only species in the genus, and confined to Ceylon. He said that the varied forms of this species had been described under twenty-one different names by Walker, Felder, and Moore. Mr. F. Merrifield exhibited a number of specimens showing that the colouring of the spring emergence of Selenia illustraria, as well as that of the summer emergence, was materially affected by the temperature to which the pupa was exposed in its later stages. Three separate broods had each been divided into two parts, the pupe of one division being exposed to a temperature of 80° Fahr., those of the other division to 60°. The whole of those so treated, so far as they had yet appeared, were exhibited. Those of the former division were on the upper surface of a rather uniform light chestnut orange, and contrasted with the greater richness and darkness and variety of colour in the latter, the lightest specimen of which was, in each of the three broods, darker than the darkest of the other division. On the undersides the differences were equally marked. He also exhibited samples of two summer brocds of S. illustraria not exhibited before, where there were similar differences ; in this case the cooler division had been at about 60° to 65°, the other division at 80°; also a series of about fifty Ennomos autumnaria not before shown, rather more than half having been during the later pupal stages at a temperature of 80°, and the rest of them during these stages at the ordinary temperature of a room in July, ranging from about 65° to 70°, the general colouring of the latter being much the darker. There could be no other rational explanation of these differences than that they were caused by temperature; darkness, richness and variety of colouring being in the case of these insects promoted by the lower temperature. It need scarcely be added that a temperature influence, which thus extended to the colouring of the individuals belonging to both the spring and the summer forms of a double brooded species showing G yaat p) great seasonal dimorphism, and to a variable single brooded species, must be of wide general application; how general, could only be ascertained by the co-operation of many observers; and he ventured to hope that entomologists would, as opportunity offered, turn their attention to the subject, and report the results in the publications devoted to this branch of natural history. He thought almost any variable species, especially where the variations were associated with climate or season, would be worth trying. The means by which tem- perature operated was a question of difficulty which such experiments and observations might throw light on. Mr. Merrifield said he thought it had been shown that general retardation was not a satisfactory explanation, for a pupa of 18 weeks, which for the last 8 or 10 days was exposed to 80°, thus being 19 to 20 weeks in pupa, produced a lighter-coloured moth than one of only 2 or 3 weeks that was exposed for 18 or 20 days to 60°, and was thus about 5 or 6 weeks in the pupal condition. It was of course exceedingly difficult in ordinary cases to distinguish between cold and retardation as a cause, because the former produced the latter, and for practical pur- poses it did not matter; but theoretically it was important. Prof. Weismann’s theory, founded on the proposition that in seasonally dimorphic species the ancestral form could not be made to assume the characters of the form of later origin, but that the latter could be made to assume those of the former, did not here fully meet the case so far as the striking character- istic of colour was concerned, for it had been shown that either the spring or the summer emergence was ready to assume the colouring proper to the other when the appropriate temperature stimulus was applied. Mr. Elwes said that in his experience in many parts of the Palearctic region, in Japan, in the Taunus Mountains, on the north-eastern shores of the Mediterranean, in the Canary Islands, and elsewhere, where there was a combination of heat and moisture, all the commoner species of Lepidoptera occurring in these countries and districts attained a larger size and a greater brillianey of colouring than in colder and drier regions; and he referred to such species, amongst others, as Pieris brassice and Argynnis paphia. The discussion was continued by Mr. Jacoby, Mr. Fenn, and others, C™ix 2) Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher exhibited a long series of Zygena lonicere from York, and Zygena filipendule from Shoreham, Sussex; also a series of hybrids obtained by crossing these two species. He stated that the eges obtained from these hybrids were all infertile. Lord Walsingham said this latter fact was extremely interesting. Mr. F. W. Frohawk exhibited a living specimen of an ichneumon which had just emerged from a chrysalis of Papilio turnus. ‘2 Mr. C. J. Gahan exhibited a number of species belonging to the genera. Lema and Diabrotica. Paper read. Mr. C. J. Gahan read a paper entitled ‘‘On mimetic resemblances between species of the Coleopterous genera Lema and Diabrotica.’’ Lord Walsingham, Mr. Jacoby, Colonel Swinhoe, and Mr. Champion took part in the discussion which ensued. April 1, 1891. Professor Rarpnart Menpoua, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective Donors. Election of Fellows. Mr. G. A. Booth, of Fern Hill, Grange-over-Sands, North Lancashire; and Mr. W. Manger, of 100, Manor Road, New Cross, S.E., were elected Fellows of the Society. Hahibitions, &c. Mr. H. J. Elwes showed a small but very interesting collection of butterflies from Laggan Alberta, N.W. Territory of Canada, taken by Mr. Bean at high elevations in the Rocky Mountains. Amongst them were Colias elis, Streck., which seemed to be very close to, if not identical with, C. hecla of Europe; 4rgynnis alberta, W. H. Edw.; and Chionobas sub- hyalina, W. H. Edw. The resemblance between the butter- PROC. ENT. SOC, LOND., ., 1891. Cc (gx flies of this locality and those found on the Fells of Lapland was very striking, some of the species being identical, and others very closely allied. Mr. Elwes said that it was another proof, if one were wanted, of the uniformity of the butterflies found throughout the boreal region in the Old and New Worlds. Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited several insects recently received from Mr. J. J. Walker, from Hobart, Tasmania. The collection included a curious species of Forficulide, with asymmetrical forceps, from the summit of Mount Wellington; two mimetic species of Gidemeride belonging to the genus Pseudolycus, Guér., and the corresponding Lycide, which were found with them; also specimens of both sexes of Lamprima rutilans, Er. Mr. N. M. Richardson exhibited a specimen of Zygena jilipendule with five wings; a second specimen of the same species with the middle legs on the right side much dwarfed ; four specimens of Gelechia ocellatella, including a pink variety, bred from Beta maritima; four specimens of Tinea subtilella, a species new to Britain, taken last August in the Isle of Portland; also specimens of Nepticula auromarginella, a species new to Britain, bred from larve taken near Weymouth on bramble. Dr. Sharp and Mr. M‘Lachlan commented on the structural peculiarities of the two specimens of Zygena. Mr. C. Fenn exhibited a series of Tentiocampa instabilis, which had been bred during the recent severe weather. They were all bred from ova laid by the same female, and many of them were of an abnormally pale colour. Mr. Fenn said that, according to Mr. Merrifield’s theory, these pale specimens, in consequence of the temperature to which they had been subjected in the pupal state, ought to have been very dark. Mr. Jenner Weir, referring to the pale specimens, said he had never before seen any of so light a colour. Mr. W. Dannatt exhibited a butterfly belonging to the genus Crenis, recently received from the Lower Congo. He said he believed the species was Crenis Benguele. Mr. G, A. J. Rothney sent for exhibition several specimens of an ant (Sima rufo-nigra), from Bengal, together with speci- mens of a small sand-wasp (Rhinopsis ruficornis) and a spider ( ix} (Salticus), both of which closely mimicked the ant. It was stated that the specimens of Rhinopsis exhibited had lately been received from Mr. R. C. Wroughton, Conservator of Forests, Poona. Papers dc., read. Mr. Rothney communicated the following short paper on the subject of the ants and mimicking sand wasps and spiders exhibited, entitled ‘‘ Further notes on Indian Ants.” ‘Tn a paper on ‘ Indian Ants,’ read at the meeting of this Society, April 3rd, 1889, I referred to a case of a sand-wasp (since described by Mr. Cameron as Rhinopsis ruficornis) closely mimicking the ant, Sima rufo-nigra, which is a common ant in Bengal. I had only observed three of these wasps in company with the ants, and of these had only captured one, which was exhibited at that meeting. By the last mail I received from Mr. R. C. Wroughton, Conservator of Forests, Poona, several specimens of this wasp which I have sent for exhibition. Mr. Wroughton writes :— ‘I am sending you a parcel containing some specimens of the Ampulex (Rhinopsis) which mimics Sima rufo-nigra. I found an oasis of irrigation in the Konkau, and there was rufo-nigra like a fly in amber, and moreover any quantity of the Rhinopsis ; I got about a dozen specimens. I also saw two or three of these wasps collar a peculiar cockroach by the antenne and lead it off into a crack in the bark, but as the cockroach reappeared smiling each time I don’t know what was up. The ants took no notice of the cockroach.’ ‘“T consider the point of interest to be that directly this ant, Sima rufo-nigra, is found in some numbers on the Western side of India, this mimicking wasp should also appear. Mr. Wroughton’s observations and captures of Rhinopsis thus very conclusively confirming this curious case of mimickry. It is also interesting that both this wasp and a spider, Salticus, should so closely mimic this ant; but as Sima rufo-nigra is a strong fierce species armed with an exceptionally powerful and pungent sting, this may afford some reason for the imitation.” Mr. G. C. Champion read a paper entitled ‘A list of the Heteromerous Coleoptera collected by Mr. J.J. Walker, R.N., (xa) }) in the neighbourhood of Gibraltar, with descriptions of four new species.’’ At the conclusion of the meeting a discussion ensued, in which Mr. Kirby, Mr. Elwes, Mr. M‘Lachlan, Mr. Jenner Weir, Dr. Sharp, and Mr. Crowley took part. May 6, 1891. FrepErtck DuCanz Gopman, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective Donors. Election of Fellows. Mr. Robert A. Dallas Beeching, of 24, St. James’s Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent; Mr. H. Shortridge Clarke, of Douglas, Isle of Man; Monsieur Léon Fairmaire, of 21, Rue du Dragon, Paris; Mr. Wm. Reid, of Pitcaple, Aberdeenshire; and Mr. Nelson M. Richardson, B.A., of Montevideo, Wey- mouth, were elected Fellows of the Society. Exhibitions, dc. Dr. D. Sharp exhibited a number of eggs of Dytiscus mar- ginalis laid on the sheath of a species of reed, and commented on the manner of their oviposition, which he said had been fully described by Dr. Régimbart. The Rev. A. E. Eaton exhibited a collection of Psychodidae from Somersetshire, including six species of Psychoda, eleven species of Periconia, and one species of Ulomyia. Mr. M‘Lachlan commented on the interesting nature of the exhibition. Mr. P. Crowley exhibited a specimen of Prothoé caledonia, a very handsome butterfly from Perak; and a specimen of another equally handsome species of the same genus from Tonghou, Burmah, which was said to be undescribed. - The Secretary read the following letter from Mr. Merrifield in connection with certain remarks made by Mr. Fenn at the April meeting of the Society :— (xn ) «94, Vernon Terrace, Brighton, : 20th April, 1891. My Dear Sir, : As I fear that I shall be unable to be present at the meeting of the Society on the 6th May, I write to ask you to be good enough to read this letter, to correct some surprising errors into which Mr. C. Fenn, if he is correctly reported, has fallen. That gentleman is reported, in the ‘ Proceedings ’* of the Entom. Soe. of 1st April, to have said, with reference to a brood of 7’. instabilis which he exhibited, including some abnormally pale examples, that they ‘had been bred during the recent severe weather,’ and that, ‘according to Mr. Merrifield’s theory, they ought to have been very dark.’ Further, the same gentleman is re- ported to have stated, at the South London Entomological Society’s meeting of the 9th April, of the same brood, that these pale varieties ‘completely overthrow Mr. Merrifield’s suggestion that exposure to great cold just before emergence tended to produce dark coloration, as these were exposed to very extreme cold.’ If Mr. Fenn will be so good as to refer to my views, which are to be found recorded in the ‘ Trans- actions’ of the Society, he will see that he has entirely mis- apprehended them. I have never suggested, or imagined, that coloration is, in all species of Lepidoptera, affected by exposure of the pupa to a low temperature. What I have stated (and found, by the invariable result in many broods, some as healthy as could be seen) is, that exposure of the pupa, shortly (not immediately) before emergence, to a low temperature (defined in the next sentence) does tend to pro- duce darkness of coloration in S. illustraria, both summer and spring emergence, and in Ff. autumnaria, and probably in many other species (Ent. Trans., 1891, pp. 164, 167). This of course is quite consistent with 7’. instabilis not being so affected. Secondly, as to the degree of low temperature which is efficacious, I have expressly stated ‘that in the species operated on, a difference between 80° and 57° is * See reports of ‘ Proceedings’ of April meeting of the Ento. Soc. in the ‘Atheneum,’ ‘Nature,’ ‘The Zoologist,’ the ‘Entomologist,’ the ‘Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,’ &c. ( xy 4) sufficient to produce the eatreme variation in darkness caused by temperature, a further lowering of the temperature having no further effect’ (Ibid., see also p. 158). In Mr. Fenn’s experi- ment the temperature must have been below 40°; consequently the results are entirely consistent with my theory. Yours very truly, H. Goss, Esq.” F. Merririecp. The Secretary also read the following letter which Lord Walsingham had received from Sir §. A. Blackwood, the Secretary of the Post Office, in answer to the memorial which, on behalf of the Society, had been submitted to the Postmaster-General, asking that small parcels containing scientific specimens might be sent to places abroad at the reduced rates of postage applicable to packets of bond fide trade patterns and samples :— “‘ General Post Office, London, April 18th, 1891. My Lord, Referring to your Lordship’s letter of the 18th of last month, and to the memorial which you enclosed, on behalf of various persons engaged in scientific studies, I am directed by the Postmaster-General to acquaint you that he is anxious to give effect, so far as lies in his power, to the desire of the memorialists, that small parcels containing scientific specimens, &c., may be sent to places abroad at the reduced rates of postage at present applicable only to packets of bona fide trade patterns and samples. Your Lordship will no doubt be glad to learn, therefore, that so far as this Department is concerned, scientific speci- mens sent by sample post, and addressed to places abroad, will not be stopped in future; but I must state that this Department cannot guarantee the delivery of such specimens abroad, inasmuch as they do not come within the definition of sample packets as prescribed by the Postal Union. I have the honour to be, &e., S. A. Buacxwoop. The Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham, F.R.S., &c.”’ (57) June 3, 1891. Freperick DuCann Gopman, Hsq., M.A., F.R.S., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective donors. Election of Fellows. Mr. J. M. Adye, of Somerford Grange, Christchurch, Hants; and the Rey. John Seymour St. John, B.A., of 42, Castlewood Road, Stamford Hill, N., were elected Fellows of the Society. Exhibitions, dc. Mr. E. B. Poulton exhibited the young larve of E’ndromis versicolora in the second stage. At this period the larve arrange themselves in small groups upon the leaves and leaf-stalks of the birch, and when disturbed they raise the anterior part, bending the head over the dorsal surface of the posterior part of the body. In this attitude they strongly remind the observer of those Tenthredo larve, which, when irritated, bend the tail forwards over the anterior part of the body. The fact that the head is raised in the one, and the tail in the other, does not cause any conspicuous difference when the larvee are seen from alittle distance. The common Tenthredo larva, Cresus septentrionalis, is about the same size as these small Lepidopterous larve, feeds in similar small groups when large (when small the groups contain far more individuals), and also often frequents the birch. Experiments have shown that Tenthredo larve are, as a whole, far more unpalatable than Lepidopterous larve, so that the resemblance would be of advantage to the Hndromis larvee. Mr. Poulton also showed the cocoons of Hriogaster lanestris. These cocoons are generally believed to be formed of silk so tightly woven as to produce the compact egg-shell like structure which gives the common name of ‘‘ Hgger”’ to the moth. Mr. Poulton had found, with the help of Professor Meldola, the texture is due to the fact that the silken walls are plastered over with a hardened paste of calcium oxalate. The silken constituent forms but a small part of the whole ; PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., 11., 1891. D (eas) ) it is in the form of a very loose and open frame-work which is first constructed, and: serves as a foundation for the paste which is poured out upon it. The calcium oxalate is secreted by the malpighian tubules of the larva, and is in all pro- bability poured out from the anus. Dissected specimens of mature larve which had not yet spun their cocoons were also exhibited, and it was seen that the malpighian tubules were injected with a chalky secretion, the calcium oxalate. Mr. W.H. Blandford called attention to the fact that the larvee of Liparis monacha remained in small groups on the bark of the tree for about a week after emerging from the eggs, and that this fact was taken advantage of by the German foresters to destroy them. Also that he had himself verified the statement that uric acid can be detected in the malpighian tubes of insects. Mr. M‘Lachlan agreed that the demonstration that the malpighian tubes were of the nature of renal organs was now satisfactory. Mr. C. J. Gahan exhibited two species of Coleoptera that he considered to possess a mimetic resemblance, viz. Estigmena chinensis, one of the Hispide, and a nondescript Lamiid allied to Pemptolasius. He called attention to a peculiar structure of the antenne in the latter by which the resemblance was increased. _ Mr. Tutt exhibited a hybrid between Amphidasis prodromaria and A. betularia, obtained by Dr. Chapman. Mr. Stainton commented on the fact that the two imsects appeared at different times; and Mr. Tutt stated that the A. betularia had heen subjected to forcing, so as to cause it to emerge at the same time as A. prodromaria. Mr. Tutt also exhibited forms of Caradrina, some of which he said were considered distinct on the Continent, though they were not recognised as such in this country, viz. Cara- drina taraxaci (blanda), C. superstes, Tr., from Sligo, and C. superstes, H.-S., considered as synonymous with superstes, Tr., but apparently more closely allied to C. ambigua. Mr. Bristowe exhibited varieties of Arctia menthastri, some of which had been fed on mulberry and others on walnut; no difference was observed in the variation, (Agu) Mr. G. Elisha exhibited larve in their cases of Coleophora vibicigerella and CU. maritimella. Paper read. Mr. A.G. Butler communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Additional notes on the synonymy of the genera of Noctuid Moths.” July 1, 1891, Freperick DuCanz Gopman, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective donors. Election of a Fellow. The Rey. John Isabell, of St. Sennen Rectory, Penzance, was elected a Fellow of the Society. Eahibitions, &c. Mr. Jacoby exhibited a specimen of a species of Coleoptera belonging to the family Galerucide, with the maxillary palpi extraordinarily developed. Canon Fowler, on behalf of Mr. Wroughton, Conservator of Forests, Poona, exhibited specimens of a bug imitating an ant, Polyrachis spiniger, and of a spider imitating a species of Mutilla, and read the following notes :—‘‘I have taken a good many specimens of a bug which has achieved a very fair imitation of Polyrachis spiniger (ander the same stone with which it may be found), even to the extent of evolving a pedicle and spines in what, were it an ant, would be its meta- notum. Curiously enough, however, these spines are apparently not alike in any two specimens. Is it that this bug is still waiting for one of its race to accidentally sport spines more like those of P. spiniger, and thus to set the ball of evolution rolling afresh ? or is it that the present rough copy of spiniger’s spines is found sufficient to deceive ? The bug has algo been found in the Nilgherries. Mr. Rothney (anni) remarks on the above species :—‘ I have not found the species mimicking Mutilla ; but in Calcutta and Barrackpore, where P. spiniger is a tree ant, forming its net by spinning together the twigs of a shrub, the mimicking bug also assumes arboreal habits, and may be found on the trunks of trees with the ants.’”’ Mr. Porritt exhibited living specimens of Hupithecia exten- saria and Geometra smaragdaria: the position assumed by the former proved conclusively that it had rightly been placed in the genus Fupithecia. Mr. Crowley exhibited two specimens of a Papilio from the Khasia hills, belonging to an undescribed species allied to P. papone, sub-generic section Chilades. Col. Swinhoe remarked that he possessed a specimen from Northern Burmah. Mr. Moore and others took part in the discussion which followed. Mr. Dallas Beeching exhibited a specimen of Plusia moneta, recently taken by himself at High Woods, Tonbridge, and specimens of Gonepteryx cleopatra, lent him for exhibition, which were alleged to have come from the same locality. Dr. Algernon Chapman exhibited the larva of Micropteryx calthella, and read the following notes :—‘‘ The larve were obtained by placing moths in a cage with damp moss, dead leaves, and other débris off the surface of the ground. Into this the moths crept to a depth of half-an-inch, forcing their way into narrow cavities, and laid their eggs in groups of six or twelve. The eggs are clothed with fine hairs, tipped with refractive particles. The larva, about a millimetre in length, possesses on each segment eight processes of a globular form raised on a very slight pedicle. Besides the thoracic legs, each of the abdominal segments (eight) possesses a pair of minute jointed legs of the same type as the thoracic. There are also a pair of long jointed antenne.”’ Papers dc., read. Col. Swinhoe read a paper ‘‘ On new species of Heterocera from the Khasia Hills.”’ Mr. Crowley read a paper ‘“‘ On a new species of Prothoe.”’ Mr. C. J. Gahan read a paper “On the South American (xix: }) species of Diabrotica,” Part II., being a continuation of Dr. Baly’s paper on the same genus published in the Society’s Transactions for 1890, Part I. Mr. W. F. Kirby communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on the Orthopterous family Mecopodide.” Prof. Westwood communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on Siphonophora artocarpi,” referring to an appendage of the eyes which had been overlooked in his previous description. August 5, 1891. Freperick DuCane Gopmay, Esq., M.A., F.R.S8., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective donors. Election of Fellows. Mr. Arthur J. Chitty, of 83, Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W.; and Captain EK. G. Watson, of 5, Lypiatt Terrace, Cheltenham, were elected Fellows of the Society. Death of the Hon. Librarian. The President announced the death of Mr. Ferdinand Grut, the Hon. Librarian of the Society, and commented on the valuable services which the deceased gentleman had rendered the Society for many years past. Halibitions, éc. Dr. D. Sharp exhibited Japya solifugus, from the Hastern Pyrenees, and stated that in his opinion it was a connecting link between the Thysanura and Dermaptera. He also ex- hibited pupx of Dytiscus marginalis ; one of these was perfectly developed, with the exception that it retained the larval head: this was owing to the larva having received a slight injury to the head. Dr. Sharp also exhibited specimens of Ophonus puncticollis and allied species, and said that Thomson’s characters of the three Swedish species, O. puncticollis, O. ( ax brevicollis, and O. rectangulus, applied well to our British examples, and separated them in a satisfactory manner. Thomson’s nomenclature, however, would he thought prove untenable, as the distinguished Swede described our common puncticollis as a new species under the name of rectangulus. Mr. F. W. Frohawk exhibited a bleached specimen of Epinephele janira, having the right fore wing of a creamy white, blending into pale smoky brown at the base; also a long and varied series of Hpinephele hyperanthus, from the New Forest and Dorking. The specimens from the former locality were considerably darker and more strongly marked than those from the chalk. Amongst the specimens was a variety of the female with large lanceolate markings on the under side, taken in the New Forest in July, 1890, and a female from Dorking with large, clearly defined white- pupilled spots on the upper side. Mr. Frohawk further exhibited drawings of varieties of the pupe of F. hyperanthus, and also a large specimen of a variety of the female of Euchloé cardamines, bred from ova obtained in South Cork, with the hind wings of an ochreous-yellow colour. Coloured drawings illustrating the life-history of the specimen in all its stages were also exhibited. Paper read. Mr. H. J. Elwes communicated a paper by Mons. Sergé Alphéraky, of St. Petersburg, entitled ‘*‘ On some cases of Dimorphism and Polymorphism among Palearctic Lepi- doptera.”’ September 2, 1891. Frepertck DuCanz Gopman, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective donors. Election of Fellows. Mr. William H. Blaber, of Groombridge, Sussex; Mr. Thomas D. A. Cockerell, F.Z.S., of Kingston, Jamaica; Mr. (xox) Reginald K. V. Hanson, B.A., of Tunbridge Wells, Kent; and Mr. R. C. Wroughton, of Poona, India, were elected Fellows of the Society, Exhibitions, de. Mr. G. F. Scott-Elliot exhibited a series of various species of Diptera collected on Ranunculaceae, Papaveracee, and Cruci- fere. He said that during the past summer he had studied about forty species of plants belonging to the orders named, and that they had all been visited by insects which were probably necessary for nectariferous flowers. The majority of the Diptera caught were not confined to one species or even genus, but in view of the unmodified character of the flower in the orders named this was only to be expected. This, however, does not apply to Fumaria, to whose scanty list of clients Pieris must be added, nor to Corydalis, of which the species claviculata and lutea are abundantly visited by humble-bees. The low character of these orders explains also the absence of any specially interesting adaptations; a twisting outwards of the filaments in some of the Crucifer@, however, has the effect of surrounding the honey-canal by three dehiscing anthers, and in Crambe this has resulted in a erooving of the filament and formation of a peculiar hook adapted to this end. Mr. Verrall observed that certain insects affected certain plants, but that the Geraniacee were seldom visited except by H'mpide. The discussion was con- tinued by Mr. M‘Lachlan, Mr. Kirby, and others. Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited a specimen of the orthopterous insect. Hemisaga hastata, de Sauss, which, in the Transvaal, he observed to attack and feed on Danais chrysippus, a butter- fly well known from its protective character and distasteful qualities to have a complete immunity from the usual lepidopteral enemies. The Hemisaga lurked amongst the tops of tall flowering grasses, being consequently disguised by its protective resemblance to the same, and seized the Danais as it settled on the bloom. From close watching and observation Mr. Distant could discover no other danger to the life of this well-known and highly protected butterfly. (> xxny Mr, T. R. Billups exhibited some interesting species of Diptera, taken at Oxshott, Surrey, on the 11th July last. He also exhibited a specimen of Hypoderma bovis, Deg., taken at Plumstead on the 29th July last. Dr. D. Sharp exhibited several species of Forficulide, and called attention to the diverse conditions of the parts repre- senting the wings in the apterous forms. Mv. H. Goss exhibited living larve of Scoria dealbata, reared from ova. They were feeding on Polygonum aviculare, but not very freely; Brachypodium sylvaticum had been named as a food- plant for this species, but he did not find that the larvee would eat this or any other grass. The Rey. Dr. Walker exhibited, and read notes on, a collection of Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Neurop- tera, and Diptera, which he had recently made near Roldal, in Norway. The collection included the following species :— Lepmoptera.—Pieris brassice, P. rape, Satyrus mera, Erebia lappona, E. ligea, E. medusa, Cenonympha pamphilus, Vanessa cardui, V. urtice, Chrysophanus phleas, C. chryseis, C. virgauree, Polyommatus alexis, P. argus, Argynnis aglaia, A. ino, A. euphrosyne, A. pales, Melitea cinxia, Pamphila sylvanus, Chareas graminis, Caradrina cubicularis, <Agrotis segetwm, Apamea fibrosa?, Anaitis plagiata, Fidonia atomaria, F. brunneata, Hupithecia sp.?, Crambus pascuellus, Ptilophorus sp.?, Boarmia repandata. Hymenoprera.—Bombus lapponicus, B. agrorum, B. lucorum, B. subterraneus, Vespa media, Tenthredo mesomela, Formica nigra, Tenthredo chloros, Allantus arcuatus, Odynerus pictus, O. tristis, Megachile centuncularis, Ophion luteum. CoLEOPTERA.—Geotrupes stercorarius, G. sylvaticus, Cetonia @nea, Aphodius fossor, A. depressus, Calathus melanocephalus, Nebria oliviert, Telephorus obscurus, Coccinella septempunctata, Carabus violaceus, Philonthus a@neus ?, Agriotes aterrimus, Pterostichus cupreus, Pterostichus sp. ?, Chrysomela marginata, Silpha rugosa, Trichius fasciatus, Necrophorus mortuorum, Lina ened. Nevroprera.—.Pschna juncea, A’. pratensis. DrietErA.—Calliphora vomitoria, C. grenlandica, Sarcophaga mortuorum, Scatophaga stercoraria, Musca cesar, Eristalis (Qui 9) tenav, FE. similis, Helophilus frutetorum, Olivieria lateralis, Sarcophaga hemorrhoidalis, Hamatopota pluvialis, Chryso- toxum fasciolatum ?, Empis tessellata, Tipula montana, Helo- philus lunulatus?, Eristalis nemorum, Therioplectes auripilus, Mesembrina meridiana, Volucella bombylans, EHristalis sp. (2 arbustorum), Syrphus ribesti, Platychirus manicatus, Syritta pipiens, Ehingia campestris, Syrphus sp. (allied to corolla), Scatophaga sp. ° , Volucella pellucens, October 7, 1891. Dr. Daviy Suarp, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective donors. Death of a Fellow.. The Chairman referred to the death, on the 14th September last, of Mr. E. W. Janson, who had been a Member of the Society since 1843, and who had formerly filled the offices of Secretary and Librarian respectively. EKehibitions, &c. The Rev. Dr. Walker exhibited a long series of several species of Hrebia, and of Argynnis pales, which he had recently captured near Roldal, in Norway. Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited specimens of Danais chrysippus, with its two varietal forms, alcippus, Cram., and dorippus, Klug., all which he found together in the Pretoria district of the Transvaal. Mr. Jenner Weir, Colonel Swinhoe, and Mr. Distant took part in the discussion which ensued as to these forms and their distribution. The Rey. W. F. Johnson sent for exhibition specimens of Velia currens from stagnant water near Armagh; also a speci- men of Nabis limbatus, killed whilst holding on to its prey, a very hard species of Ichneumon. Mr. Saunders thought that, from the nature of the Ichneumon, the only chance the Nabis had of reaching its internal juices would be through the anal PROC, ENT, SOC. LOND., Iv., 1891, E (| Sexiy 4) opening, as recorded by Mr. E. A. Butler in a similar case, in the Ent. Mo. Mag., Oct. 1891. Mr. F. P. Pascoe exhibited two British species of Diptera, unnamed. He said they had been submitted to Mr. KR. H. Meade, but were unknown to him, and are probably new to the British list. Mr, R. Adkin exhibited two specimens of a supposed new species of Tortrix (Tortrix donelana, Carpenter), bred from larvee found on pine trees at Tuam. Mr. C. G. Barrett said he had examined the specimens with great care, but he did not consider that they belonged to a new species. He was unable to distinguish them from Tortria viburnana. Mons. A. Wailly exhibited preserved larve, in various stages, of Citheronia regalis, which he had bred from ova received from Iowa, United States. He said that the natives call this larva the Hickory Horned Devil, and that the specimens exhibited were probably the first of this splendid species that had been bred in this country. Mons. Wailly further exhibited three female specimens of Antherea yama- mai bred from cocoons received from Japan; also a nest of cocoons of Bombyx radama, received from the west coast of Madagascar, aud a nest of another species, the name of which he had not been able to ascertain. He pointed out that the structure of this nest was different from the nests of Bombyx radama, and was attached to the trunks of trees, whereas those of the former species hung from the branches. Prof. J. B. Smith, of the United States, and Colonel Swinhoe took part in a discussion on the habits of the larve of Citheronia regalis, and as to the period at which they dropped their spines prior to pupating. Dr. Sharp exhibited several specimens of a weevil, Hctopsis ferrugalis, the ends of the elytra of which bore a close resem- blance to the section of a twig cut with a sharp Inife. He said he had received the specimens from Mr. G. V. Hudson, of Wellington, New Zealand, who stated that they were found resting in large numbers on dead trunks and branches of Panax arborea in the forests. Mr. G. C. Champion stated that the species of Forsiculide, captured by Mr, J. J. Walker, R.N., in Tasmania, and (xxv) exhibited by himself at the meeting of the Society in April last, was, he believed, referable to Anisolabis tasmanica, Bor- mans, described in the ‘Comptes Rendus’ of the Ent. Soc. Belgique, 1880, p. Ixviit. The Rey. A. EH. Katon made some remarks on the synonymy of the Psychodidae, and stated that since August, 1890, he had identified all of the British species in Mr. Verrall’s list, except Sycorax silacea. He also stated that in Psycnopa, P. bullata, Hal. MS.=hwmeralis ; P. soleata, Hal. MS., is a Pericoma ; and that in Peritcoma, P. fusca, Macquart, is g of P. calceata. Professor Zetterstedt is the only author who refers to the & of calceata. Paper read. Mr. Gervase F. Mathew, R.N., communicated a paper entitled ‘‘The Effect of Change of Climate upon the Emer- gence of certain species of Lepidoptera.” A discussion followed, in which Mr. Stainton, Mr. Barrett, Dr. Sharp, and Mr. M‘Lachlan took part. At the close of the Ordinary Meeting a Special Meeting was held for the purpose of electing a Fellow of the Society to fill the vacancies on the Council, and in the office of Librarian, caused by the death of Mr. Ferdinand Grut. Mr. George C. Champion, having been recommended to fill the vacancies in question, was balloted for, and duly elected a member of the Council, and also Librarian in place of the late Mr. Ferdi- nand Grut. November 4, 1891. Dr. Davip Suarr, M.A., F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective donors. Election of a Fellow. Major John Nathaniel Still, of 4, Westcliff Terrace, Seaton, Devon, and the Junior United Service Club, Charles Street, St. James’s, S.W., was elected a Fellow of the Society. (9p Gxexavay 7) Evhibitions, d&c. Mr. W. F. Kirby exhibited a series of a very dark-coloured form of Apis reared by Mr. John Hewett, of Sheffield, from bees imported from Tunis. He said that Mr. Hewett proposed to call them “Punic Bees,” and had distributed them under this name, which, if the race be considered sufficiently distinct, might as well be retained for them. They are larger than the black Apis unicolor, Latr., of Mauritius and Bourbon, ana are almost entirely black, except the legs, which are of a more or less reddish colour; but there is not a trace of red colouring on the base of the abdomen, which is almost invariably the case in typical specimens of Apis mellifica, L. Mr. Kirby stated that Mr. Hewett had informed him that these bees are remarkable for their peaceable disposition, and their unwilling- ness to use their stings; and also for the fact that the workers are much more frequently fertile than those of the common hive-bee, with which, however, these black bees will freely hybridize. He further said that Mr. Hewett had told him that he had made some important original observations on the fertility of workers, which he would be pleased to communicate to the Society. Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited five melanic specimens of Aplecta nebulosa, reared by Mr. Collins, of Warrington, from larvee collected in Delamere Forest, Cheshire, and described by him in the ‘ Proceedings of the Lancashire and Cheshire Natural History Scciety,’ as A. nebulosa, var. Robsoni, in honour of Mr. John E. Robson, of Hartlepool. Mr. Barrett also exhibited a beautiful variety of Argynnis aglaia, taken in Norfolk by Dr. F. D. Wheeler, and two specimens (male and female) of Lycena argiades, taken in August, 1885, on Blox- worth Heath, Dorsetshire, by Mr. C. O. Pickard Cambridge and Mr. A. Pickard Cambridge respectively. Mr. H. St. John Donnisthorpe exhibited a collection of Coleoptera, made in a London granary in 1890 and 1891. The collection included the following species :— Sphodrus leucophthalmus, Li., Pristonychus terricola, Hbst., Calathus cisteloides, Pz., Quedius fulgidus, Gr., Q. fuliginosus, Gr., Creophilus mavillosus, L., Omalium concinnum, Marsh, ( soayml = )) Trogosita mauritanica, L., Lemophleus ferrugineus, Steph., Silvanus surinamensis, L., Cryptophagus saginatus, Sturm., C. badius, Sturm., Lathridius minutus, L., L. ruficollis, Marsh, Corticaria fulva, Com., Dermestes lardarius, L., <Attagenus pellio, Li., Anthrenus museorum, L., Corynetes ruficollis, Rs Ptinus fur, L., Niptus hololeucus, Fald., N. crenatus, 155 Mezium affine, Boield., Anobium domesticum, Four., A. panicewn, L., Rhizopertha pusilla, F., Blaps mucronata, Latr., B. similis, Latr., Tribolium ferrugineum, F., Latheticus oryz@, Wat., Tenebrio obscurus, F., T. molitor, L., Calandra granaria, L., C. oryzae, L., Bruchus rufimanus, Boh. Mr. A. B. Farn exhibited a series of specimens of Hubolia lineolata, bred from eggs laid by a specimen taken at Yar- mouth. The series included several remarkable and beautiful varieties, and the size of the specimens was much above the average. The Rey. Dr. Walker exhibited specimens of Argynnis ino, A. pales, and A. frigga, from Norway. Mr. B. A. Bower exhibited, for Mr. J. Gardner, specimens of Nephopterya splendidella, H.-S., Botys lupulinalis, Clk., and Bryotropha obscurella, Hein., taken at Hartlepool last June and August. Mr. R. Adkin exhibited two very dark specimens of Peronea cristana, from the New Forest. Colonel C. Swinhoe exhibited, and remarked on, types of genera and species of moths belonging to the Tineina, all of which had been described by Walker, and placed by him amongst the Lithoside, viz.:—Betharga lycoides, Walker, xxxiv, 1154, genus Sarbena= Buwxeta, Walker, xxxv, 1982, sp. con- flagrans, Walker, type of genus Sarbena, xxxi, 256; Jobula semilinea, Wk., xxxv, 1889. Themiscyra conflagrans, Wkr.= mactata, Felder =verricosa, Butler. Mr. H. Goss exhibited specimens of Callimorpha hera, taken in August last by Major-General Carden near Teignmouth, South Devon, and observed that the species appeared to be becoming commoner in this country as Gen. Carden had caught seventeen specimens in five days. Mr. Goss said that the object of the exhibition was to ascertain the opinion of the meeting as to the manner in which this species had been (| xxvili_) originally introduced into this country. A long discussion on this subject and on the geographical distribution of the species ensued, in which Mr. G. T. Baker, Mr. S. Stevens, Mr. Barrett, Colonel Swinhoe, Mr. M‘Lachlan, Mr. Verrall, Capt. H. J. Elwes, Mr. C. Fenn, Mr. M. Jacoby and others took part. Papers céc., read. Mr. C. J. Gahan contributed a paper entitled «On South American species of Diabrotica; an Appendix to Parts I. and Te Mr. M‘hachlan contributed a paper entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of new species of holophthalmous Ascalaphide.”’ Mr. W. L. Distant communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Des- criptions of four new species of the genus ulyora.” Mr. F. Enock read an interesting paper entitled “ Additional notes and observations on the life-history of Atypus piceus,”’ which was in continuation of his papers on the same subject read before the Society on May 6th, and June 8rd, 1885. The author commenced by stating that, besides confirming all his previous observations, he was able to add many facts in the life-history of this interesting spider. With the aid of the oxy-hydrogen lantern, every point and detail were shown in the most realistic manner by pictures on a large screen. The paper was divided into four parts, viz., the structure of the tube-like nests; the anatomy of the spider; the food supply; and courtship, domestic economy, and tragedy. The first ‘‘ picture’? was a photograph of six inches of Hampstead Heath, in which small space no less than four or five of the peculiar nests or ‘‘ purse-webs”’ of Atypus were seen attached to the grassy bank; their resemblance to dead pieces of stick from old gorse bushes, in the vicinity of which the spider makes its nest, was most striking. The structure of the nest showing its silken texture, and the same covered with sand, which the spider brings up from the bottom of the tube, and the ingenious method of attaching the aerial portion to the bank or leaves of plants, afterwards closing the aperture, was fully described. Sectional views of the nest, showing the peculiar cavity made about half-way down aud ( xxix) on the upper side, together with upright and fallen tubes, were thrown on the screen. The anatomy of the eyes, legs and claws, and the enormous jaws, both of the male and female spider, were shown in comparison with those of Hpéira diademata, which have a lateral movement, whereas dAtypus strikes vertically with its jaws, a wonderful provision, which enables the spider to obtain its food without quitting the tube. The actual movements of the jaws of Epéira and Atypus were shown on the screen by the author’s mechanical arrangements of the lantern. Next followed the internal structure of the jaws, showing the poison- bag and duct, and enormous mass of muscle, attached to the huge fangs; also the labrum and labia with their deadly array of teeth, with which the spider tears a rent just under the impaled fly. The wonderful spinning organs, six in number, were shown in various positions, with their multitude of dis- charge tubes, through which the never ending silk flows from the internal silk glands, a fine photograph of which was thrown on the screen. In the third part of his paper, Mr. Knock described the way in which the spider obtained its food without seeing it or quitting the tube. A fly settles on the outside of the aerial part of the nest, setting in motion the long vertical threads, which the spider stretches from top to bottom of the nest ; she immediately runs up until she is just underneath the fly, then raising her fangs, and with lightning-like rapidity, strikes them through the tube and into the fly, the labia tear a hole and the fly is dragged through and down to the bottom of the tube, where the spider tackles the fly and pins it to the side, returning to the top again to repair the nest; this she does by carefully drawing the edges together, then reversing her position, she brings the broad spinnerets into position and, with a few movements from side to side, quickly and most securely mends the hole. Hach act illustrating the capture of a fly was shown in a most striking manner by the ingenious arrangements adopted by the author; first, the fly was seen on the outside of a sectional view of the aerial part of the tube, followed by the appearance of the spider underneath, the jaws and fangs moved, a moment’s pause, and they were brought ( xx ) down with lightning-like rapidity, driven through the silken walls of the nest and into the thorax of the fly, which was ‘fiercely held fast’’; then came the tug-of-war, and both spider and fly disappeared, but were afterwards shown at the bottom of the tube. The following picture showed the spider mending the hole at the top, and afterwards holding on to the inside with jaws and claws to prevent intruders disturbing her. ‘The male spider was next seen on the outside engaged in performing a serenade to his lady-love, who did not mistake her lover for a fly. The male soon tears a hole in the tube and boldly enters, and dwells with the female for at least six months, after which she kills him, sucks his body dry, and throws his skin out from the top of the tube. Mr. Enock stated that the female then proceeds to spin a beautiful hammock of eggs, which she hangs up across the cavity prepared for it, and out of all harms way in the upper side of the tube. The eges soon hatch, and the young spiders are fostered by the mother until the warm days of April induce them to force a small hole in the top of the tube and make their escape. The closing picture, showed a number of these young spiders, some just crawling from the hole, others hanging and enjoying a swing, several had ascended to the highest points and ejected a few threads, which were quickly caught by the wind, which in a short time wafted the tiny aeronauts to pastures fresh and new; others had commenced life on their own account, by forming minute purse-webs or tubes similar in every respect to the one from which they had escaped but a few hours before. A discussion followed, in which Dr. Sharp, Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, Mr. G. C. Champion, the Rev. A. H. Haton, Mr. P. Crowley, and others took part. December 2, 1891. The Right Hon. Lord Watsinenam, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective donors, (xxx +) Election of Fellows. Mr. Henry A. Hill, of 182, Haverstock Hill, Hampstead, N.W.; Mr. Frank Nelson Pierce, of 148, Smithdown Lane, Liverpool; and Mr. Carleton F. Tuffnell, of Greenlands, Border Crescent, Sydenham, 8.E., were elected Fellows of the Society. Exhibitions, &c. Dr. D. Sharp exhibited and commented on a number of ‘photographs of various species of Lucanide belonging to Mons. René Oberthiir. Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited specimens of local forms and varieties of Lepidoptera, taken by Mr. Percy Russ, near Sligo, including Pieris napi, var. near bryonie ; Antho- ‘charis cardamines (male), with the orange blotch edged with yellow, and yellowish forms of the female of the same species; very blue forms of Polyommatus alsus; males of P. alexis, with the hind margin of the under wings spotted ‘with black, and very handsome forms of the female; also varied series of Agrotis cursoria, A. tritici, A. valligera, Hydrecia micacea, H. nictitans, Epunda lutulenta, Hadena protea, Odontoptera bidentata, Cidaria immanata, C. testata, C. pyraliata, and Boarmia repandata. The Rey. 8. St. John exhibited two specimens of Lycena argiades, taken in Somersetshire by Dr. Marsh in 1884; three specimens of Deilephila euphorbie, bred from larve found feeding on Euphorbia paralias on the Cornish coast in ‘September, 1889; and a series of various forms of Anchocelis ‘pistacina, all taken in a garden at Arundel. Lord Walsing- ‘ham, Mr. Barrett, and Mr. McLachlan took part in the dis- cussion which ensued. Mr. Jenner Weir exhibited two dusky specimens (3 and 2) of Zygena minos, which had been captured by Mr. Blagg in Carnarvonshire. In these specimens the upper, and in a less degree the lower, wings were much suffused with black, and but faint red markings were visible. Mr. Weir said they were not absolutely cases of complete melanism, but he suggested that that the word “‘ pheism’’—from Qaié;, dusky—— would be a correct word to use in this and similar departures PROG. ENT. SOC. LOND., Iv., 1891. F (| xxx) from the euchromatic or normal coloration of a species. Mr. Weir observed that the summer of 1891 had been an unusually cold one—indeed, it could scarcely be termed a summer; and these very dusky specimens supported Mr. Merrifield’s theory that the application of cold for a few days prior to the emergence of the imago tended to produce that result. Mr. C. J. Gahan exhibited a specimen of the common ‘‘ book-louse”’ (Atropos pulsatoria, Fabr.), a minute insect of the order Neuroptera, and made some remarks concerning the curious noises known by the name of the “ death-watch.” It was a well-ascertained fact, he said, that sounds of this kind were caused by different beetles of the genus Anobium ; but that, notwithstanding the very strong circumstantial evidence detailed by a few observers who traced similar sounds to the action of Atropos pulsatoria, much doubt has been entertained by some eminent entomologists that this little soft-bodied creature could possibly produce sounds, audible, at a distance, to human ears. ‘Two recent observa- tions had convinced him, he stated, that some of these sounds were to be attributed to this insect. At about half-past eleven o’clock on a night in October last, when the room in which he was sitting was still, he distinctly heard the ‘‘ death- watch.” Listening awhile, he found that the sound pro- ceeded from a wide-mouthed earthen vase standing near the end of a marble mantel-piece. The sound, which consisted of rapid beats in regular succession, lasted for a space of nearly a minute, and was repeated at short intervals. When he proceeded to carefully remove the vase to a table the sound ceased. He then emptied the vase of its contents—an ordinary chip match-box, containing a few small beetles gummed on a piece of card. In the match-box he found a single specimen of Atropos pulsatoria, the only living thing that could possibly have been in, or close to, the jar at the time the sound was heard; so that it was impossible for him to resist the conclusion that the sound was caused by this insect. To put the matter to a further test, he secured the insect in a chip pill-box with a close fitting cover, in the hope of hearing it repeat its performance. Though he had listened ( Xxxxlli_ ) at different times since, he had heard no sound come from that pill-box. Last night, however, he again heard the ‘‘death-watch,’’ and, on bringing his ear close to the pill- box, was surprised to find that the sound came from another quarter. He followed up the sounds, and was satisfied that they came from a little wooden box, in which some beetles were pinned, and which stood on the topmost shelf of an over- mantel. The sole living occupant of the box was Atropos pulsatoria, possibly the same individual which was previously heard, for the pill-box, on examination, proved to be empty. As the result of his observations, Mr. Gahan said that he felt quite convinced that Atropos pulsatoria, in spite of its diminu- tive size and the softness of its body, is capable of producing sounds, distinctly audible at a distance of more than two yards, but that in what manner it produces the sound he was unable to ascertain. Mr. B. A. Bower exhibited the following rare species of Micro-Lepidoptera :— Spilonota pauperana, Frél.; Gelechia osseella, Stn.; Chrysoclysta bimaculella, Haw.; and Elachista cingilella, Fisch. Lord Walsingham and Mr. Tutt made some remarks on the specimens. Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a variety of Anthocharis cardamines, and one Sesia scolieformis bred from a larva found at Ran- noch. Papers, éc., read. Mr. G. T. Baker read a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on Lycena (recte Thecla) rhymnus, tengstremii, and pretiosa.” <A dis- cussion followed, in which Lord Walsingham, Mr. Elwes, and Mr. Baker took part. Mr. F. Merrifield read a paper entitled ‘‘ The effects of artificial temperature on the colouring of Vanessa urtice and certain other species of Lepidoptera.” The author stated that he had already proved that the colouring of Selenia illustraria, in both the spring and summer emergences, and the colouring of Ennomos autumnaria, were materially affected by the temperature to which the pupa was exposed in its penultimate stage—that is, the stage immediately preceding the one in which colour begins to show externally——intensity and darkness of colouring being promoted by the lower Co sexy} temperature. He had now ascertained that precisely similar effects were produced on both the spring and summer emer- gences of Seleniaillunaria and S. lunaria. Several hundred in- dividuals, belonging to more than a dozen different ‘‘ families,”’ 7. é., proceeding from the same pair of parents, exposed to tem- peratures of 80°, 60°, 57°, and in some cases less, all showed these results, those at the lower temperatures, with scarcely an exception, being darker than those at the higher. The spring emergence of Platypteryx falcataria, so far as tried, showed similar results. The under sides of the Selenias showed these effects even more than the upper sides, the males, in most species tried, more than the females, and the more healthy and vigorous the individual, the more strongly the temperature operated. In Vanessa urtice the same general results ensued, though the effects were not so con- siderable. In this species a moderately low temperature, 50° to 60°, appeared to develop the greatest intensity: of markings, especially of the dark parts and the blue crescents, a very low temperature, 47°, long continued, causing a more general increase of darkness. Some of the specimens pro- duced made a near approach to the northern form known as var. polaris. Bombyaw quercus and its northern var. callune had been experimented on, and showed slighter results in the same direction. Further experiments were needed as to both V. urtice and B. quercus, and he was inclined to think they should be exposed from their earliest pupal existence. Chelonia caja showed unquestionable differences as the result of temperature, but not to the extent of producing any striking varieties ; the higher temperature caused the ground of the fore wings to be lighter, and that of the hind wings to be yellower, and the lower temperature caused a tendency in the dark spots to spread and become confluent, and especially increased in a striking degree both the length and the breadth of the black abdominal bars. There was evidence that the size and probably the shape of the perfect insect were affected by the pupal temperature, but exact experiments had to be made on this point, and were in progress. On the suggestion of members of the Society he had tried the effects of light, by exposing the pupe of S. illustraria to light of various colours ( ieexy. ) and to absolute darkness, but had not been able to obtain any results from the experiment. Many more experiments, and on many more species belonging to widely-separated families among the Lepidoptera, should be tried before sufficient materials could be accumulated for a satisfactory explanation of these temperature effects ; but in the meantime he ventured to suggest that some of them were due to the circumstance that a particular temperature was more suitable to health and vigour than any other was, and tended consequently to produce larger size and greater intensity of colouring and markings ; but that this would only account for a small part of the effects produced, especially in the seasonally dimorphic species ; and in those he had operated on there seemed to be what in the absence of further knowledge might be called a direct tendency in a low temperature to cause darkness of markings. Mr. Merrifield exhibited a large number of examples of the temperature effects produced, many of which were very striking, and said they would be left for in- spection for some time at the Natural History Museum, South Kensington. Mr. EK. B. Poulton desired to congratulate Mr. Merrifield on the results of his work. He had quite thought that Mr. Merrifield was right in his earlier conclusion that the results obtained were due to temperature and not colour, as had been suggested. In addition to Mr. Merrifield’s convincing de- monstration that colour is not concerned, Mr. Poulton wished to add that he had, during the past season, tested the moth which is more likely to yield positive evidence on this point than any other, viz., Gnophos obscurata, the imago of which is well known to be light upon chalk and dark upon peat. In spite of this Mr. Poulton had found that when the mature larvee and the pup are subjected to light or to dark surroundings, no change is produced in the imagines. So far as the evidence goes at present, it is probable that the facts are explicable by the operation of natural selection, the light varieties occur- ring in places where the dark ones are more conspicuous and therefore exterminated, and vice versa. Prof. Meldola said that it appeared to him that on the whole Mr. Merrifield’s results gave support to Professor (. kexxva’ 3 Weismann’s original theory, viz., that the effect of refrigeration was to bring about reversion to the ancestral glacial form. But apart from any theoretical considerations, he considered that Mr. Merrifield was to be congratulated on the important con- tribution to the knowledge of the effects of temperature on lepidopterous pup, which he had been enabled to make by means of the carefully conducted series of experiments carried on for several years, and the results of which had been from time to time communicated to the Society. Prof. Meldola further remarked that he was particularly interested in the way in which Mr. Merrifield had eliminated the effects of light, and had shown, as he thought conclusively, that the effects were due to temperature alone. He (Prof. Meldola) had always been of opinion that light had nothing to do with the observed modifications of colour. With reference to Lord Walsingham’s remarks concerning the possible action of the ultra-violet rays in affecting the chemical processes concerned in the production of pigment, Prof. Meldola pointed out that the notion that some specially active chemical force existed in this part of the spectrum had long been abandoned. Any part of the spectrum might be chemically active; it de- pended on the absorbtive power of the substance for the particular rays. Mr. C. G. Barrett referred to experiments performed some twenty years since by confining larve under coloured glasses, which, however, had produced no effect. Mr. Jenner Weir said he had seen Mr. Merrifield’s long series by daylight, which made the change of colouring pro- duced even more conspicuous. Lord Walsingham said that he thought some of the negative results valuable, and expressed the thanks of the meeting to the author of the paper. Mr. Merrifield said his results seemed barely consistent with Weismann’s proposition that, though the summer form could be made to assume the appearance of the winter form, the converse was not the case. But Prof. Weismann’s theory was that the change of temperature operated by causing reversion to an ancestral form, and, as every individual of a seasonally dimorphous species had two lines of ancestry, it ( xxxvui ) struck him as possible that suitable conditions might cause reversion to either of these; so that the results obtained by him might not be inconsistent with the Weismann theory in its essence. He would not, however, venture to form an opinion how the temperature operated ; he should be inclined to say that it produced some effects which provisionally, and in the absence of further knowledge, might be called direct. Mr. W. Bateson read a paper entitled ‘‘ On the variation in the colour of the cocoons of Kriogaster lanestris and Saturnia carpini,” and exhibited a large number of specimens in illus- tration of the paper. Lord Walsingham congratulated Mr. Bateson on his paper, and on the intelligent care and method shown in his experi- ments, and said that he was glad to see that at Cambridge there was an entomologist ready to enter this interesting field of investigation, and perhaps at some future day to contest the palm with Mr. Poulton as representing the sister Uni- versity of Oxford. He had noticed that the larve of S. carpini, if left in a box with dead food, and probably partially starved, made a light-coloured cocoon; but that when the cocoon was made under natural conditions, on living food-plants on the moors, it was of a dark colour. Mr. Poulton said he was glad to take the opportunity of admitting that Mr. Bateson had made out a strong case, especially with Hriogaster lanestris, and he congratulated him on his results. Mr. Poulton regretted that most of the obser- vations which had led him to the conclusion that the colour of certain cocoons can be adapted to the tints of the environ- ment had been made by others, inasmuch as he was thus less acquainted with the details. The evidence from EF. lanestris, which at first appeared so strong, was much weakened when Rev. W. J. H. Newman subsequently stated that the white paper boxes in which the white cocoons were formed had been placed in a dark cupboard for at any rate a large part of the time of building. At the same time, if Mr. Bateson’s in- terpretation be accepted, it is remarkable that about one-third of his larve, which sought the paper voluntarily and undis- turbed, should have formed light cocoons, when we remember that undisturbed larve invariably construct dark cocoons ( xxxyin ‘}) upon the stem and leaves of their food-plant. Mr. Poulton said that he had also found that dark cocoons may be formed in spite of the excessive disturbance caused by an investiga- tion into the mode of construction. Mr. Bateson’s results, if due to disturbance, are not necessarily destructive of the conclusions previously arrived at. The glittering pupe of Vanesside may be produced, in healthy individuals, by exposing the mature larve to white or gilt surroundings, but they are also caused by the presence of parasites. In the case of HE. lanestris it must be freely admitted that Mr. Bateson’s results prove that the evidence previously relied upon is insufficient, and further indicate that, if the species is sensitive to the colour of its surroundings in the manner hitherto assumed, its susceptibility is not nearly so great as was supposed. Further experiments must show whether any trace of susceptibility to colour exists. Mr. Poulton further stated that in such experiments upon this and other species it would be well to test Mr. Bateson’s suggestion by frequently disturbing and insufficiently feeding larve, which are then allowed to spin on the food-plant ; furthermore, in the case of colours, it would be advisable to employ more natural backgrounds than paper, muslin, &e. Earth, sand, peat, chalk, coal, leaves and twigs of various tints and shades, might be used. It must also be admitted that the evidence in the case of Halias prasinana, Liparis auwijlua, and Rumia crategata, which appeared sufficient when ‘Mr. Newman’s results with HF. lanestris seemed to be con- vincing, is now inadequate, and new experiments, upon a far larger scale, must be conducted. Mr. Poulton thought that in the case of Saturnia carpini, Mr. Bateson’s evidence is weaker, and that which supports the earlier conclusions stronger, than in the case of FE. lanestris. At the same time, it is by no means impossible that starvation or extreme disturbance may tend to produce light cocoons, even if these are also caused by light surroundings. The harmony between the colour of these cocoons and their surroundings had been observed by many naturalists. Mr. Poulton remarked that ‘Mr. A. R. Wallace alluded to it in ‘ Tropical Nature,’ and that Mr. W. H. Harwood, of Colchester, had called his (Gexscxix a) attention to it in 1886; and he thought it extremely im- probable that he had specially disturbed the larve which spun the light cocoons. In his (Mr. Poulton’s) experiments this was certainly not the case, and the larve were not even removed from the cage, but spun upon a white plate beneath the food-plant. Dr. F. A. Dixey has obtained the same results, and he maintains that his larve were removed to white paper with a minimum of disturbance. Mr. Poulton stated that neither he nor Dr. Dixey experienced the difficulty in obtaining large numbers of dark cocoons of this species, which seemed to have beset Mr. Bateson during the past season. In conclusion, Mr. Poulton said he trusted that before this time next year he would either be able to admit that he had been altogether mistaken, or bring before them— as the result of his own work and that of others—such evidence as would form a secure foundation for the con- clusions at which he had previously arrived. ANNUAL MEETING. January 27th,* 1892. Freperick Du Canz Gopman, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the chair. An Abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts was read by Mr. C. G. Barrett, one of the Auditors. Mr. H. Goss, one of the Secretaries, read the following :—- Report of the Council. In accordance with the Bye-Laws, the Council begs leave to present the following Report :-- During the year 1891 six Fellows have died, viz., Mons. Edmond André, the Duke of Devonshire, K.G., F.R.S., Mr. Ferdinand Grut, F.L.S., Mr. Edward Janson, Mr. J. * Adjourned from the 20th January, in consequence of the death of H.R.H. the Duke of Clarence and Avondale. PROC, ENT, SOC, LOND., v., 1891. G Chedley) W. Peers, and Mr. W. E. Poole; eleven Fellows have resigned; six Fellows have been struck out of the list for non-payment of their subscriptions; and 27 new Fellows have been elected. The number of Fellows elected during the year is equal to the number elected in 1890, and with the exception of that year and 1886 (in which latter year the number was greatly augmented by the conversion of Subscribers into Fellows), is the largest on record. On the other hand, the number of deaths, exclusions, and resignations has been unusually large, and notwithstanding the number of new Fellows elected, the Society’s list has only increased by fowr since the date of the last Annual Meeting! The yearly increase in the number of Fellows being so small, the Council is still obliged to refuse or postpone the publication of valuable papers and plates for want of funds, and therefore it feels again bound to urge the Fellows to do their utmost to induce their friends to join the Society and thus increase its revenue. At the present time the Society consists of an Hon. Life- President, 10 Honorary Fellows, 48 Life Fellows, and 281 paying the Annual Subscription, making the total number of Fellows now on the Society’s List 339. The Transactions for the year 1891 form a volume of 524 pages, containing 24 memoirs contributed by the following 19 authors, viz., Mr. George T. Bethune Baker, F.L.S. (2 papers); the Rev. Thomas A. Marshall, M.A.; the Right Honble. Lord Walsingham, LL.D., F.R.S.; Colonel Charles Swinhoe, F.L.S. (2 papers); Mr. Frederic Merri- field ; Mr. Roland Trimen, F.R.S.; Mr. Hamilton H. Druce; Mr. Henry W. Bates, F.R.S.; Mr. William F. Kirby, F.L.S. (2 papers) ; Dr. David Sharp, F.R.S.; Mr. Frederick Enock; Mr. Charles J. Gahan, M.A. (8 papers); Mr. George C. Champion, F.Z.8.; Mr. Philip Crowley, F.L.8.; Professor J.O. Westwood, M.A.; Mons. Sergé Alphéraky ; Mr. Gervase F. Mathew, R.N., F.L.S.; Mr. Robert McLachlan, F.R.S. ; and Mr. William L. Distant. Only three of these papers, viz., those by the Rev. T. A. Marshall, Mr. Merrifield, and Mr. Enock, were devoted to British insects. Of these 24 papers 12 relate to Lepidoptera (or to enquiries Cixl) in which Lepidoptera were the subjects of experiment), 6 to Coleoptera, 1 to Hymenoptera, 1 to Neuroptera, 1 to Ortho- ptera, 2 to Hemiptera, and 1 to Diptera. The memoirs above referred to are illustrated with 20 plates, of which 17 are coloured. The Sotiety is indebted to Lord Walsingham for the entire cost of Plates III., IV., V., VI., and VII.; to Mr. Merrifield for half the cost of Plate IX.; to Mr. F. D. Godman for the entire cost of Plates X., XI., XIII., and XIV.; and to Mr. Crowley for the entire cost of Plate XVIII. The Proceedings, containing an account of the exhibitions and discussions at the Meetings, extend to over 40 pages. The financial position of the Society is satisfactory. The Subscriptions for 1891 received during the year amount to £287 as against £268 for 1890, and the amount received for sale of publications amounted to £95 in 1891 as against only £71 in the preceding year. The amount expended for printing and plates amounts to £318 for 1891 as against £291 for 1890, notwithstanding the great liberality of some of our Fellows, who have generously assisted the Society by defraying the cost, or part of the cost, of certain plates, as noticed above. Three Life-Com- positions in lieu of Annual Subscriptions have been received during the year. Of these one remains unappropriated, and forms part of the balance at the Bankers at the end of the financial year ; one has been devoted to bookbinding, which necessary matter had fallen somewhat into arrear; and the third has been invested, producing £16 8s. 1d. Consols. The investments now amount to £427 19s. 3d. Consols (cost £408 13s.). During the past year nearly 200 Books, Pamphlets, Journals, and Papers have been added to the Library; the average number of Fellows attending the Meetings is far greater than in any previous year of the Society’s existence, and the Council considers it has reason to congratulate the Fellows on the progress made by the Society during the year 1891. The following is an Abstract of the Receipts and Payments during 1891 :— G2 (7) xd») Receipts. Payments. £ s.d. 29 Gi Balance in hand Ist Rent, Salary, and Office Jan., 1891 = = Ps Sef lat Expenses - : 5 Alef) Py a Contributions of Fel- Printing - - -200 2 9 lows (including £12 Plates, &e. - A sink 3) 12s. in advance) - 411 8 9 Books and Binding 5 Re ef 3 Sale of Publications - 9515 11 | yivestment - : Swe EPO ORES, © 7 Bie OS Vole Subscriptions repaid - 3 3 0 Intereston Consols - 11 1 0 f javanica! Ato eto Balance - - oe PL yy £552 14 38 £552 14 3 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W. January 27th, 1892. The Secretaries not having received any notice proposing to substitute other names for those contained in the lists prepared by the Council, the following Fellows constitute the Council for 1892:--Charles G. Barrett; George C. Champion, F.Z.S8.; Herbert Druce, F.L.8S.; Henry John Elwes, F.L.S.; the Rev. Canon Fowler, M.A., F.L.8.; Frederick D. Godman, F.R.S.; Herbert Goss, F.L.S. ; Robert McLachlan, F.R.S.; Prof. Raphael Meldola, F.R.S. ; Edward B. Poulton, M.A., F.R.S.; Dr. David Sharp, M.A., F.R.S.; Colonel Charles Swinhoe, F.L.S.; and the Right Hon. Lord Walsingham, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. The following are the Officers elected :—President, Mr. Frederick Du Cane Godman; Treasurer, Mr. R. McLachlan; Secretaries, Mr. Herbert Goss and the Rev. Canon Fowler ; Librarian, Mr. George C. Champion. Mr. F. D. Godman, the President, then delivered an Address, at the conclusion of which Lord Walsingham pro- posed a vote of thanks to Mr. F. D. Godman for his services as President during the year, and for his Address. The proposal was seconded by Mr. E. B. Poulton, and carried unanimously. A vote of thanks to the Treasurer, Secretaries, and Librarian was moved by Mr. G. H. Verrall, seconded by Mr. C. G. Barrett, and carried unanimously. Mr. Godman, Mr. McLachlan, Mr. Goss, and Mr. Champion severally replied. (xiii 8) ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Balance Sheet for the Year 1891. ReEcEIrTS. PayYMENTS. Sond. Lek £ Ss. Balance, Jan. 1st,1891 2 711] Printing - - - 200 2 Subscriptions for 1891 287 10 9 | Plates and Woodcuts - 118 3 Do. inadvance 12 12 © | Rent, Salary, and Office Arrears - - 5 1) Expenses - - 159 Life Compositions _ 47 5 0 | Books and Binding - 18 8 Niece 5412 0 Investment (cost of £16 y ; 8s. 1d. Consols > Ab) Ws Interest on Investments 11 1 0 Bone ea ) ¢ Se aaa Lives Subscriptions repaid Sale of Publications - 95 15 11 . (paid in error) - > 88 Donations - : - 32 0 8 | Subscriptions in ad- vance (per contra) - 12 12 Balance, Dec, 31st, 1891 24 17 £552 14 8 £552 14 ASSETS. Subscriptions in arrear (considered good), £6 6s. Od. Investments :— Cost of £427 19s. 3d. Consols = £408 13s. Od. LIABILITIES. (Nil.) Rosert McLacuran, Treasurer. Examined and found correct, SAMUEL STEVENS. HERBERT DRUCE. an H CHARLES G. BARRETT. 12th January, 1892. (7 ssa a) THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.* GENTLEMEN, Ir an apology for the shortcomings of his Address to you is ever necessary from your President, it is especially so from the present occupant of this chair. So far as Entomo- logy is concerned, I am already in the position of one of your future members, whom Lord Walsingham, in his Address to you two years ago, described as having so specialised his work that he could not venture to call himself by so general a term as an entomologist, but rather a Pieridist or Hispidist. At the present moment I am little more than an Hesperiidist, and I think my work is cut out for me for some time to come. The study of this most obscure and difficult family of Lepi- doptera does not furnish material for a Presidential Address, and yet the work to be done to reduce even the Mexican and Central American species to order is so exacting that with other occupations no time is left me to look right or left beyond the limits of my task. I am reduced therefore to saying a very few words to you on a subject which has already occupied to some extent the recent Addresses of both Dr. Sharp and Lord Walsingham. I refer (1) to the acquisition of fresh entomological materials in the shape of collections, (2) to their examination, and (3) their ultimate disposal. In estimating the probable number of existing species of insects, Dr. Sharp arrived at the formidable total of 2,000,000, and Lord Walsingham was disposed to look upon this figure as probably not too high. As our present knowledge extends to about 200,000 species, there remain 1,800,000 yet un- * In consequence of the death of H.R.H. the Duke of Clarence, the Annual Meeting was adjourned from the 20th to the 27th January, 1892. (i oxlivae) described, of which probably 100,000 are represented by unnamed specimens in our collections; the rest await discovery. The acquisition of fresh materials from collections therefore is not likely to slacken for a long time to come; indeed, when the taste for the study of more showy forms changes for one that will comprehend the less bright and smaller but not less interesting ones, it is certain that new species will pour in upon us at a higher rate than ever. In spite of this increase of work the harvest that reaches us now, so far aS my own experience goes, is greater than our workers can deal with, and had wea few more such ardent collectors as, say, Mr. Champion or Mr. Herbert H. Smith at work in the tropics, the stock of our visible unworked materials would largely increase in quantity. Any one who has attempted to bring together anything like a complete collection of the fauna of a country, however small, has experienced the difficulties that have met me in the attempt to gather together all available information on the fauna of Mexico and Central America, and of certain small islands of the West Indian Archipelago. In the former case, owing to the cordial assistance afforded by many very competent workers, considerable progress has been made, but still more help is wanted to work out several very interesting orders, the collections of which look inviting enough, and doubtless teem with novelties. Regarding the West Indian work, in which Dr. Sharp has taken a very active interest, I fear the Mexican and Central American task has stood somewhat in the way, and we have had to search the continents of Hurope and North America to find volunteers to examine the collections formed by Mr. H. H. Smith in the small island of St. Vincent, and similar collections from the island of Grenada are still untouched. From this it is evident we have not workers enough even now to keep pace with the requirements of naming and arranging the specimens that come before us, and unless our numbers largely increase the arrears of work will become more and more unmanageable. Is, then, the number of workers increasing ? I mean the workers at the great mass of exotic species chiefly crowded in the tropical and semitropical countries. (xls) Judging from the uumber of titles of papers given in the yearly volumes of the ‘ Zoological Record,’ it would certainly appear that more entomological work is bemg done; but 1 have some doubts whether the particular subjects to which I now refer, viz., the naming and classification of unnamed species, are receiving the increased attention requisite to render an approximate knowledge of Insecta generally possible within a reasonable time. But it is not my object now to review past work, but rather to examine the effect of the altered and altering conditions of our collections upon working entomologists, and to see whether those conditions can be so modified as to increase the number of workers, and to render their labours as accessible as possible to all. Working entomologists, apart from field workers, may be divided, for my present purpose, into two classes, viz., those who are connected with our museums and make the subject their profession, and those who are not so employed, but who pursue Hntomology at such times as they can spare from their regular business of life. It is the latter, being the more numerous body, who have contributed much more extensively to our present stock of entomological knowledge. Their work has been chiefly based upon their private collections, formed partly from old sources, and partly from new materials often collected by themselves, or brought by field naturalists from all parts of the world. These collections hardly ever have any permanent resting place in private hands; very seldom indeed does a son take up the work of his father ; they either change hands, are dispersed, or become——their happiest fate--absorbed in a public museum. This system, which has gradually grown up, is, I think, likely to change, as the extent of collections is, under modern requirements, largely on the increase. This growth of collections renders the subject studied far more complicated, and the difficulty is lkely to increase tenfold. The effect is already plainly visible, for private collections are becoming rapidly absorbed by museums, or by a much smaller number of private collectors, with whom they can only temporarily remain. This absorption of private collections by public museums is likely to continue as regards Entomology, as it has in other ( exligan, 9) subjects. It certainly las done so with plants, as now hardly a private herbarium exists in this country—nearly all have been absorbed by Kew. So also with birds; a large portion of the private collections of a few years ago are now being concentrated in the British and other museums. What, then, will be the effect of this concentration of collections in public museums on the number of working systematic entomologists other than the Museum officials ? Under existing circumstances I am inclined to think the number will decrease. The necessity at the present time of examining large series of specimens of any species from as wide a range of localities as possible so that the variation and distribution of the species can be traced, has increased the bulk of collections to an enormous extent. In former times a pair or two of a species was considered enough to represent it in a Collection, but now we find that 40 or 50 or even 100 specimens are necessary to show the stability or instability of a species, its range, and all the many points connected with a satisfactory comprehension of its hmits. All this vastly increases the cost of forming and preserving new collections, and 1s against the private collector undertaking the task, and the burden of the work of determining and classifying will be more and more thrown upon the Museum officials. ‘That the number of private workers at systematic Entomology should decrease is distinctly to be deplored, and in view of the tendency of collections to become amassed in museums, it follows that it is chiefly to the arrangements made in those museums that this evil is to be arrested. As we all know, when once a specimen becomes the pro- perty of the Trustees of the British Museum, it must never pass out of their possession. Nothing, then, can be seen out of the Museum hours, and entomologists who have their daily business to attend to can only visit the Museum at rare in- tervals. They do this to a great extent now in order to deter- mine specimens in their own collections; but when the latter are, from reasons already given, no longer made, the subject will cease to be studied by them. Iam inclined to think this can be obviated to a great extent in a way that will greatly benefit the Museum and all concerned. ‘There are, no doubt, ( xlviii ) a considerable number of specimens, such as types, &c., which, on account of their special value, should never leave the Museum under any circumstances; they are too valuable to be placed in any risk of loss. Besides these, there is by far the greater part of the Museum collection which falls into a different category. I refer to specimens which are either unnamed (a very large number), or, if named, are not types, and which in their existing state do not possess any special scientific value, not having had any work bestowed upon them. All such specimens could, at a very slight risk, be entrusted to competent specialists not officially connected with the Museum to be named and prepared either for in- corporation into the Museum series or assigned to the named duplicates for future distribution to other institutions. No doubt additional work would be necessary on the part of the Museum officials in preparing such series for examination ; but this labour would be more than counterbalanced by the work performed upon the specimens when they are returned named into the Museum, and ready for incorporation into the general collection. The extent of the subject of Entomology is so vast that nothing but a systematic and continuous effort to amass collections, work them out, and preserve them, can place us in a position to proceed safely with the larger questions which follow the initial step of naming species; and it will only be by the steady effort of our Museum officials, not only to work at the subject themselves, but to enlist the aid of every available outside worker, that real substantial progress can be made. The talents of the outside public can only be fully used by a system by which specimens can be placed in the charge of any competent worker to be determined by him at his own home, and at his leisure, for a certain definite time, and under well understood rules. ‘The benefit to the Museum collections under a system of this kind is obvious. The great mass of unnamed materials, which, we believe, now exists in the Museum, would be gradually worked into order; and, on the other hand, the inducement of having a good series of specimens to work at, and in a way that suits the circumstances of the outside workers, will certainly tend (lite ))) to increase their numbers to the great benefit of the study of Entomology. As a practical illustration of the working of such a system as this, I will instance what has been going on for the last twelve years with reference to the Mexican and Central American collections now in process of being worked out. A few groups have been studied at home, but by far the larger portion of our material has been placed in the hands of various workers both at home and abroad. These collections go out and are returned without loss, and the result at present is that nearly 19,000 species of insects have been fully determined, and a series reserved and arranged for future reference. I have not been able to ascertain the number of specimens representing these 19,000 species, but the total is very large. If I may hazard a conjecture, I should say that I should not be surprised if the number reached 250,000. During the past year the Society has lost six Fellows by death :— Tue Duxe or Devonsuire, who died on the 21st December last, at the advanced age of 83, joined our Society in 1837. Though he did not take an active part in promoting the study of Entomology, our Society, as well as many others, shared the support he so freely gave to all scientific bodies. Epwarp Westrey Janson died on the 14th of September last, in the seventieth year of his age. He showed a taste for natural history pursuits at an early age, and though educated at first for the medical profession, he for some time assisted his father as a city merchant, and afterwards as Secretary of the Dutch BRhenish Railway. In 1867, on the death of his father, he relinquished all other pursuits, and commenced business as a Bookseller and Natural History Agent, for which his tastes well qualified him. His special study was Coleoptera, and he was not only a successful collector of beetles, but his energy at one time did much to reduce to order the British species then much less known than now. He also amassed collections of other groups of beetles, the chief of which was the family of Elateride, his collection, in Ca) which he retained his interest to the last, being by far the most extensive ever got together. Mr. Janson, though well versed in entomological literature, and possessing a very valuable library, was not a voluminous writer, his chief contributions to science being upon matters connected with British Coleoptera. At one time he was closely con- nected with the administration of this Society, which he joined in 1843. From 1850 to 1863 he held the post of Curator of the collections then possessed by the Society, and was Librarian until 1874. He was also one of the Secretaries from 1857 to 1861. His collection of British Coleoptera passed, I believe, some years ago into the possession of his intimate friend G. R. Crotch, and was bequeathed by him to the University of Cambridge. His collection of Elateride, in which he took such pride, will pass eventually into the British Museum. Frerpinanp Grout, our late Honorary Librarian, died, to the ereat regret of us all, on July 19th of last year. He joined the Society in 1846, acted as one of our Secretaries from 1871 to 1878, when he undertook the duties of Honorary Librarian, and continued in that office until his death. His chief study was Coleoptera, and especially the Geodephaga, of which he possessed an extensive collection. As Librarian, Mr. Grut was very well known to us all, and his patient, unfailing attention to his duties will long be remembered. ‘The want of a printed catalogue of our books has long been felt, and some time ago it was determined that such a catalogue should be prepared. This arduous task Mr. Grut undertook to perform, and he had, I believe, made some progress with the MS., when his work was interrupted by illness, and finally arrested by his death. This catalogue, it is to be hoped, may some day be completed. Epmonp Anpru, whose death was recorded last year, joined our Society in 1880. He lived at Beaune (Cote d’Or), and carried on the business of an Entomological Bookseller and General Natural History Agent. At the same time he worked assiduously at Hymenoptera, and published many papers and notes on this subject. His chief work was ‘“‘ Species des Hymenopteres d’Europe et d’Algérie,’’ commenced in 1879, (hy and continued, with the aid of fellow-workers on the same subject, until hisdeath. It is to be hoped that this important work will be continued by some other competent hyme- nopterist, and brought to a conclusion. Witiiam Esenezer Poor, who died on May 22nd last, at the age of 65, was well known to all of us who are in the habit of using our Library and attending our Meetings. He acted as Resident Librarian from the time we occupied our present rooms, and continued in that office until his death. He joined the Society as a member in 1885. We have also lost Joun Wituerineton Peers, who joined us in 1887. Of entomologists nét connected with the Society, who have died during 1891, I find the following well-known names :— Fexrre Pory, who died at Havana, the place of his birth, at the advanced age of 92, devoted a large portion of his life to the study of Natural History of his native island, Cuba. His principal work was on Ichthyology, but he wrote several papers on the Lepidoptera of Cuba, and studied other orders of insects of that island. Srr Wrntiam Mactnay, whose death was recently announced, though not a member of our Society, was a liberal patron of Natural History in Austraha. He belonged to the same family as William Sharp Macleay, the contemporary of Horsfield and Swainson, so well known for his writings. Sir William Macleay settled in New South Wales in 1839 at the age of 19, and gradually rose to distinction in the Colony. He was the founder and first President of the Entomological Society of New South Wales, and of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, and in the publications of both Societies numerous and valuable papers by him are to be found. He wrote chiefly on Coleoptera, but also occasionally on other orders of Insecta. Henry Epwarps will be much missed by entomologists both in Europe and America, as well as in Australia, where he was known and esteemed by a very wide circle of friends. An Englishman by birth, Mr. Edwards lived the later years of his life in America, where he was well known as an Cri: }) actor and theatre proprietor, all his leisure time being devoted to the study of Entomology generally, but chiefly of North America, his collection in this branch of Entomology being one of the most important in that country. Mr. Edwards “was a great traveller, and in his professional capacity visited the chief centres of population in Australia and New Zealand. He latterly resided in New York, where he died last year. He was a frequent contributor to several of the leading entomological journals of America, in which he described many species, chiefly Heterocera, belonging to the North American fauna and that of Mexico. Rosert Gitio, well known as a successful collector of Coleoptera in the West of England, and Dr. J. M. J. ar Tenestrom, a distinguished Micro-Lepidopterist of Finland, have also passed away. In conclusion, I beg leave to thank all the members of the Society who have so kindly supported me during the past year, and especially the Officers, from whom I have had every consideration. iy) INDEX. Where the name only of the Insect or Genus is mentioned, the description will be found on the page referred to. The Arabic Figures refer to the pages of the ‘Transactions’; the Roman Numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings.’ The same arrangement has been adopted as last year; the new species, and those which have been redescribed, as well as the more important ones alluded to, will be found in detail, but certain of the longer papers are arranged generically under their headings. PAGE PAGE GENERAL SUBJECTS ........ liii | HyMENOPTERA ............ lix PACRIAGEDNTMIDAN cya cis).e scsi ieee hetecs live || OE PTIDOPRTERAVA ss eciecen lix COnmODInia “dooccdodboouuG Ink? ||) INIAROANHON, Ga ouadsd 00 c0 lxv DIMM Ree cnte ices oo 30 cate eee vii | ORTHORTERAW raat sees lxv ELINAEIOA As oooadonbouboeUo lix | THYSANURA .. .......%... lxvi GENERAL SUBJECTS. Annual Meeting, xxxix. Artificial temperature, effects on the colouring of Vanessa urtice, and certain other species of Lepidoptera, xxxii. Atropos pulsatoria, notes on, Xxxili. Atypus piceus, life-history of, xxviii. Diptera collected on Ranunculacee, &c., xxi. Eriogaster lanestris and Saturnia carpini, on the variation in the colour of the cocoons of, xxxvii. Further notes on Indian ants, x1. Hessian Fly, life-history of, ii, 329. Lepidoptera, &c., collected near Roldal, Norway, notes on, xxii. Letter from Mr. Merrifield, xiii. Letter from Sir A. Blackwood, with reference to postage of scientific specimens, Xlv. Micropteryx calthellus, notes on, xviii. Polyrachis spiniger, imitated by a bug, xvii, President’s Address, xliv. C.aliv> 9 Psychodide, synonymic notes on, xxv. Selene illustraria and Ennomos autumnaria, temperature experiments Sony 155,857. Zygena lonicere and Z. filipendule, hybrids between, ix. ARACHNIDA. Atypus piceus, life-history of, xxviii. Spider imitating a species of Mutilla, xvii. Spider (Salticus sp.) imitating a Bengal ant, Sima rufo-nigra, x. COLEOPTERA. Agra cyanippe, n.s., 275.—pacifica, n.s., 274. Anchomenus megillus, n.$., 252. Anchonoderus fulvipennis, u.s., 264. Anisotarsus hilariolus, n.s., 239. Anthribus daimio, n.s., 319. Apenes amplicollis, n.s., 271.—hilariola, n.s., 271. Apion, new species described: —abruptum, 293. — bulbinaswn, 295.— daimio, 296.—protractum, 294.—sulcirostre, 295. Apolecta Lewisii, n.s., 318. Areocerus tarsalis, nu. s., 323. Asemorhinus, n.g., 298. A. nebulosus, n.s., 299. Basitropis dispar, n.s., 320. Bembidium, new species described :—ciudadense, 263.— Durangoense, 263.—macrogonum, 262.—spherulifer, 261. Blabirhinus, n.g., 299. B. dorsalis, n.s., 300. Blaps lusitanica, alluded to, 379. Brachinus amplipennis, n.s., 268.—cognatus, var. cancellatus, 269.— Tabasconus, 268. Caccorhinus, n.g., 321. C. oculatus, u.s., 321. Calathus ambigens, nu. s., 251. Calcar humerale, n.s., 387. Calleida chlorotenia, n.s., 273. Calosoma ampliator, n.s., 223.—diminutum, n.s., 227.—leve, 225.— leve, var. explanaticolle, microgonum, and punctulicolle, 225.— morelianum, n.s., 228.— omiltenium, n.s., 226.—porosifrons, 0. s., 229. Casnonia lioptera, n.s., 265.—sulcicollis, n.s., 265. Celia Ciudadensis, n.s., 249.—Hegei, var. civitatis, 248.—tenebrionella, var. @neicolor, 248. Chlenius amplians, n.s., 237.—beatus, nu.s., 237.—chrysopleurus, var. Guerreroensis, 235.—cordifer, nu. s., 235.—eurybates, n.s., 236.— porphyrius, n.s., 236.—ruficauda, 235.—suppletor, n.s., 237. Choragus, new species described :—anobioides, 325.—cissoides, 326.— compactus, 323. — cryphaloides, 325. —cryptocephalus, 324,—mun- dulus, 324, (Cs) Colpodes, new species described :—acutulus, 259.—eneicauda, 259.— hapteroides, 252.—harpaloides, 253.—omaseoides, 255.—platysmoides, 254.—rectilineus, 257.—segregatus, 258.—stenos, 256.—steropoides, 254.—tinctipennis, 257.—Trujilloi, 259.—valens, 255. Coptodera xanthopleura, n.s., 270. Dercylus (Dercylodes) mexicanus, n.s., 238. Deropygus, n.g., 326. D. histrio, n.s., 326.—jocosus, N.s., BVT Diabrotica, South American species of (C. J. Gahan). New or Newty- NAMED SpeEctEs :—albidocincta, 431.—assimilis, 464.—azureipennis, 426.—Balayana, n.n., 421.—Belemea, 443.—biseriata, 437.—bistri- gata, 438.—conformis, 444.—cribrata, 530.—delecta, n.n., 445.— decemverrucata, 439.—denotata, n.n., 427.—digna, 430.—diversa, n.n., 451.— dulcis, n.n., 447.— fasciatipennis, 448. — humeralis, 438.—maculatipennis, 436.—marginicollis, 465.—marginipennis, 430. —melanospila, n.n., 434.—nigropunctata, 436.—quadripunctata, 468. —Reichei, 441.—sanguineipennis, 466.—semifemorata, 420.—signi- Jicata, 430.—socia, n.n., 468.—spectabilis, 443.—subsimilis, 456.— teniolata, 434.—tarsata, n.n., 460. Species alluded to or fresh descriptions given:—abbreviata, 433.—abdominalis, abrupta, and other species alluded to or omitted from the lists given by Mr. Baly and Mr. Gahan, arranged alphabetically, 521-524.—adonis, 427.— @neipennis, 429.—eneiventris, 440.—albidovittata, 419.—albocincta, 453.—albomarginata, 452.—albopicta, 453.—alcyone, 450.—ampli- cornis, 471.—alternata, 434.—Batesi, 425.—beata, 456.—bella, 456. bivittata, 421.—Borrei, 449.—brasiliensis, 434.—butleri, 467.— caviceps, 459.—Chevrolati, 440.—cinctella, 433.—cinctipennis, 430. —clypeata, 462.—coccinea, 428.—cognata, 423 —conchula, 459.— consimilis, 419.—cornuta, 420.—corrugata, 463.—corusca, 418.— coryphea, 423.—cruciata, 449.—decemguttata, 442.—deliciosa, 462. —delicula, 439.—Deyrollei, 440.—dilaticornis, 470.—dimidiata, 467. —dimidiaticornis, 468.—dimidiatipennis, 467.—discrepans, 455.— divisa, 468.—dorsalis, 434.— elongata, 429.— Erichsoni, 425.— erythroptera, 466.—eacelsa, 457.—eximia, 424.—Fairmairei, 419.— fenestrata, 459.—flavocincta, 432.—flavolimbata, 422.—flavomargi- nata, 428.—Gestroi, 457.—gibbosa, 465.—glauconotata, 441.—hebe, 465.—hemixantha, 470.—imbuta, 469.—imitans, 458.—impressi- pennis, 451.—incerta, 422.—innuba, 418.—insignita, 449.—intermedia, 467.—interruptolineata, 439.—Jekelii, 458.—jucunda, 460.—Kirschi, 421.—leta, 460.—letabilis, 422.—lata, 470.—leucospila, 468.—lim- batipennis, 432.—limbifera, 433.—lugubris, 468.—mediovittata, 422. melancholica, 471.—mimula, 455.—nigrovittulata, 446.—notaticollis, 471.—opacipennis, 465.—ornata, 427.—paraensis, 446.—perplexa, 422.—perspicua, 450.—piceicollis, 434.—posticata, 468.—propinqua, 469.—puella, 422.—pulchra, 424.—puncticollis, 422.—quadriplagiata, 461.— reticulata, 462.—robusta, 469.—rubripennis, 467.—rugata, 423. rugulosa, 464,—Saundersi, 467.—separata, 421.—serraticornis, 470. H Alsi ») setifera, 470.—similata, 422.—simulans, 451.—sordidipennis, 462.— spectanda, 448.—spiloptera, 434.—spilothorar, 470.—Staudingeri, 432.—Steinheili, 442.—Stevensi, 458.—suturalis, 428.—tetraspilota, 468.—Theimi, 421.—tortua, 463.—triplagiata, 428.—tuberculata, 469.—unifasciata, 454.—venalis, 420.—verrucosa, 424.—vespertina, 425.— viridipennis, 423.—vittatipennis, 421.—vittigera, 421.— Volxeni, 440.—aanthoptera, 462.—zelota, 447.—zonula, 454. Diabrotica and Lema, mimetic resemblances, list of species alluded to, 372, 373. Dicelus levipennis, var. abbreviatus, n. v., 239. Discoderus dislocatus, n.s., 245. Distichus granulipygus, n.s., 232. Ectopsis ferrugalis, exhibited, xxiv. Elliptoleus olisthopoides, n.s., 252. Estigmena chinensis, alluded to, xvi. Euchroa chrysophana, n.s., 249. Galerita ovalipennis, n.s., 266. Harpalus Durangoensis, n.s., 240. Heliopathes latipennis, n.s., 384. => Helops calpensis, n.s., 389.—Walkeri, n.s., 390. Heteromerous Coleoptera collected by Mr. J. J. Walker in the region of the Straits of Gibraltar, species described or alluded to, belong- ing to the following genera (G. C. Champion) :— Adelostoma, 378.—A kis, 379.—Alphitobius, 386.—-Alphitophagus, 386. Amblyderus, 394.—Ammophthorus, 385.—Anaspis, 397.—Anemia, 385.—Anthicus, 395.—Asclera, 400.—Asida, 380. Blaps, 379.—Boromorphus, 388. Calcar, 387.—Cataphronetis, 386.—Catomus, 390.—Corticeus, 386.— Coryna, 399.—Cossyphus, 386.—Crypticus, 382. Dendarus, 382.—Diastixus, 391.—Dichillus, 379.—Dilamus, 388. Elenophorus, 379.—Emenadia, 398.—Erodius, 377.—Evaniocera, 398. Formicomus, 394. Gnathocerus, 386. Heliopathes, 383.—Helops, 388. Isocerus, 383.—Isomira, 392. Lagorina, 400.—Lagria, 393.—Larisia, 397.—Leichenum, 385.— Litobius, 382.—Lydus, 400. Meloé, 398.—Micrositus, 383.—Misolampus, 388.—Mordella, 396,— Mordellistena, 397.—Morica, 379.—Mylabris, 399. Nacerdes, 400.—Nasipa, 397.—Nesotes, 392.—Notorus, 394. Octhenomus, 399.—CGidemera, 400.—CGinas, 399.—Olocrates, 383.— Omophlus, 392.—Oncomera, 400.—Oochrotus, 382.—Opatroides, 385.—Opatrum, 385. Pachychila, 377.—Palorus, 386.—Pentaphyllus, 386.—Phaleria, 386. Phylax, 382.—Pimelia, 381.—Pseudolamus, 384. Rhinosimus, 394. ( lit) Scaurus, 379.—Scleron, 385.—Scraptia, 393.—Sepidium, 382.— Silaria, 398.—Stenalia, 397.—Stenomax, 389.—Stenosis, 378.— Stenostoma, 401. Tenebrio, 387.—Tentyria, 378.—Tomoderus, 394.—Trachyschelis, 385. —Tribolium, 386. Xylophilus, 394. Zonitis, 400.—Zophosis, 377. Inna planipennis, nu. s., 267. Lachnophorus cupretlus, n.s., 264. Lebia smithiella, n.s., 273. Lema and Diabrotica, mimetic resemblances, list of species alluded to, 372, 373. Loxandrus rubricollis, n.s., 250. Loxopeza calomicra, nu. s., 273. Mexico, additions to the Carabideous Fauna of, with remarks on species previously recorded ; species described or alluded to, belonging to the following genera (H. W. Bates) :— Agonoderus, 246.— Agra, 274. — Anchomenus, 252. — Anchonoderus, 264.—Anisotarsus, 239.—Apenes, 271. Barytachys, 261.—Bembidium, 261.—Brachinus, 268.—Bradycellus, 247. Calathus, 251.—Calleida, 273.—Calosoma, 223.—Casnonia, 265.— Celia, 247.—Chlenius, 234.—Colpodes, 252.—Coptodera, 270.— Cratacanthus, 241.—Cymindis, 270. Dercylus, 238.—Diaphorus, 267.—Dicelus, 238.—Diplochetus, 260. —Discoderus, 245.—Distichus, 232. Elliptoleus, 252.—EHuchroa, 249.—Evarthrus, 249. Galerita, 266. . Harpalus, 240. Inna, 267. Lachnophorus, 264.—Loxandrus, 250.—Lebia, 273.—Loxopeza, 273. Micrixys, 234.—Morio, 251. Pangus, 241.—Pasimachus, 230.—Pelecium, 234.—Pericompsus, 261. —Peryphus, 262.—Pinacodera, 270.—Pecilus, 249.—Pogonus, 260. Scaphinotus, 229.—Scarites, 282.—Schizogenius, 233.—Scythropasus, 234.—Selenophorus, 241.—Stenolophus, 246. Tachys, 261. Xenodromius, n. g., 272. Zuphium, 266. Mexico, Cicindelide and Carabida, new and additional species and new varieties of (comprised in Trans..Ent. Soc. 1890, pp. 493-510; and 1891, pp. 223-275), complete list of, 276, 277. Notioxenus tonicoides, n.s., 328.—Wollastont, n.s., 327. Ozotomerus japonicus, n.s., 320. Pasimachus ignicinctus, n.s., 230.—levisulcatus, n.s., 231.—-mexicanus, 231.—Smithi, n.s., 232. (or livani9) Pericompsus Tabasconus, n.s., 261. Phleobius mimes, n.s., 319. Pinacodera atrata, var. ruficornis, 270.—var. levior, 271. Pogonus emaciatus, n.s., 260. Rhyncophorous Coleoptera of Japan, species described or alluded to, belonging to the following genera (D. Sharp) :— Acorynus, 301.— Anthribus, 319.— Apion, 293. — Apolecta, 318.— Are@ocerus, 322.— Asemorhinus, n. g., 298. — Basitropis, 320.— Blabirhinus, nu. g., 299.—Brachytarsus, 322.—Caccorhinus, un. g., 321.—Choragus, 323.—Deropygus, nu. g., 326.—Eucorynus, 318.— Litocerus, 301.— Notioxenus, 327.—Ozotomerus, 320.—Phleobius, 319. — Tophoderides, 298.— Tropideres, 301.—Ulorhinus, n. g., 300.—Xylinades, 317. Scaphinotus macrogonus, n. s., 229. Scarites Durangoensis, n.s., 232. Schizogenius multisetosus, n.s., 233. Scythropasus nicaraguensis, n.s., 234. Selenophorus aureocupreus, u.s., 241.—bradycelloides, n.s., 242.—cras- siusculus, var. nigrescens, 244.—dispar, n.s., 243.— tarsalis, var. liosomus, 242. Sphodrus leucophthalmus and other beetles from a London granary exhibited, xxvi. Stenolophus lamprotus, n.s., 246. Tachys decastichus, n.s., 261. Tophoderides, 298. Tropideres, new species described :—aberrans, 309.—basipennis, 310.— brevirostris, 307.—bruchoides, 316.—concolor, 314.—conjinis, 309.— crassicornis, 306.—cylindricus, 311.—debilis, 311.—difficilis, 317.— distinguendus, 310. — flabellicornis, 305. — germanus, 304.— guttifer, 314.—imperfectus, 316.—incisus, 308.—latirostris, 303.—laxus, 304.— longipes, 312.—nigrirostris, 302.—nodulosus, 308.—pardalis, 313.— pectoralis, 315.—truncatus, 315.—vilis, 305. Ulorhinus, nu. g., 300. U. funebris, n.s., 301. Xenodromius, n. g., 272. X. Flohri, u.s., 272. Xylinades japonicus, n.s., 317. Zuphium punctipenne, n.s., 266. DIPTERA. Diptera, species of, remarks on, xxi.—species from Norway, exhibited, Xx. Hammatorrhina bella, alluded to, ii. Hessian Fly, life-history of, 11, 329. Hypoderma bovis from Plumstead, exhibited, xxii. Lestophonus icerye, alluded to, vi. Psychodide, collection of, from Somersetshire, exhibited, xii. Psychodidae, synonymic notes on, xxv, (i licae) HEMIPTERA. Fulgora bullata,n.s., 519.—effusa, n.s., 518.—gemmata, alluded to, 519. —karenia, n.s., 517.—pyrorhyncha, alluded to, 518.—pythica, n.s., 517.—Whiteheadi, alluded to, 518. Icerya egyptiaca, exhibited, vii—Purchasi, alluded to, 361. Siphonophora artocarpi, note on, 413. HYMENOPTERA. Ademon, 12. A. decrescens, 12. Apis, dark coloured form of, from Tunis, xxvi. Biosteres, 50. B. bicolor, 52. — blandus, 54. — carbonarius, 51.— hemorrhoiis, 53.—impressus, 52.—placidus, 56.—rusticus, 54.— scabriculus, 55.—sylvaticus, 56.—Wesmaeli, 55. Diachasma, 57. D. caffer, 58.—cephalotes, 58.—fulgida, 59.—rugosa, 61. Hurytenes, 16. E. abnormis, 17. Gnamptodon, 13. G. pumilio, 14. Hedylus, n.g., 14. H. habilis, n.s., 16. Hypolabis, alluded to, 27. Opiides, 7. Opius, 17. O. emulus, 40.—ethiops, 39.—-analis, 28.— apiculator, 23.—bajulus, 43.—cesus, 45.—celsus, 29.—cingulatus, 35. —clarus, 24.—celatus, 46.—compar, n.s., 32.—crassipes, 30.—docitlis, 37.—exilis, 26.—funebris, synonym of O. pygmeator, 22.—instabilis, 31.—irregularis, 35.—leptostigmus, 36.—lugens, 21.—maculipes, 34. —nitidulator, 38.—ochrogaster, 32.—pactus, 39.—pallidipes, 27.— parvulus, 36.—pendulus, 22.—polyzonius, 41.—procerus, synonym of Biosteres carbonarius, 51.—pygmeator, 22.—reconditor, 45.— rudis, 44, —ruficeps, 42.—sevus, 30.—spretus, 25. — tacitus, 26.— testaceus, 47.—truncatus, 43.— victus, 24.—vindex, 29.— zelotes, n.s., 40. Polyrachis spiniger, alluded to, xvii. Rhabdospilus, alluded to, 57. Rhinopsis ruficornis, exhibited, x. Sima rufo-nigra from Bengal, exhibited, x. LEPIDOPTERA. Abraxas germana, n.s., 143. Acidalia irrorata, n.s., 215.—madere, u.s,, 213.—unostrigata, n.s., 214. Wollastoni, n.s., 215.—zargi, n.s., 214. Acrea Admatha, 171.—Obeira, 172. Adela cuneella, n.s., 88. African Micro-Lepidoptera, species described and alluded to, belonging to the following families and genera (Lord Walsingham) :— Adela, 88.—A gisana, 87.—Anacampsis, 94.—Anarsia, 111.—Anchinia, 114.— Anorthosia, 110.— Apiletria, 106.—Argyrotoxa, 66. — Atychiada, 78.—Atychia, 78.—Autochthonus, n. g., 82. ( thet) Bactra, 70.— Barbaroscardia, u. g., 84.— Batrachedrine, 125.— Blabophanes, 87.— Blastobasis, 122. Brachmia, 94.— Brachy- crossata, 98.—Butalis, 122. Cacochroa, 114.— Cacecia, 64.— Ceromitia, 87.— Choreutes, 77.— Cnemidolophus, 116.—Compsoctena, 85.—Conchylis, 69.—Copto- loma, 76.—Cosmopteryx, 124.—Cryptolechia, 114. Depressaria, 113.—Dichelia, 131.—Dicrorhampha, 76.—Dissoctena, 81. Eccopsis, 70.—Hudemis, 70.—Eustixis, 92.—EHretmocera, 123. Gelechia, 92.—Glyphipteryx, 116.—Gracilaria, 125.—Gymnogramma, 92. Hyponomeuta, 89. Ide, 113.—Idiopteryx, n.g., 104. Lasioctena, 85.—Laverna, 117.—Lecithocera, 104.—Licmocera, n. g., 128.—Loxotenia, 65.—Lyonetiane, 127. Megacraspedus, 109.—WMicropostega, n. g., 130.—MWicrothauma, n. g., 127. Nemophora, 87.—Nemotois, 89.—Nepticuline, 128.—Nothris, 108. Odites, n.g., 99.—Cicophorine, 114.—ddematopoda, 123.—CGita, 90. —Oxymacheris, n.g., 129. Pandemis, 66.—Penthina, 71.—Phecasiophora, 73.—Philobota, 115. —Phoxopteris, 74.—Phycodes, 78.—Plutella, 92.—Polyhymno, 95.—Psecadia, 115.—Ptochewusa, 95.—Pyroderces, 119. Scalidomia, n.g., 83.—Sericoris, 72, 131.—Setomorpha, 81.—Sime- this, 77.—Stagmatophora, 118.—Stathmopoda, 120.—Stenoma, 101.—Strobisia, 97. Taleporiane, 81.—Teras, 64.—Timyra, 105.—Tinea, 86.—Tortricide, 64. Xylorycting, 113. Ypsolophus, 107. Zarathra, 125. Agrotis pyrophila, series of, exhibited, ii. Alamis yendola, n.s., 150. Alana albopunctata, n.s., 491. Alpenus eximia, n.s., 137. Amphidasis prodromaria and A. betularia, hybrid between, exhibited, xvi. Anarsia agricola, n.s., 111.—inculta, n.s., 112. Anhyperythra, n.g., 485. A. hermearia, n.s., 485. Anorthosia fracticostella, n.s., 110. Anthocharis cardamines, varieties of, exhibited, xxxi, xxxiil. Apiletria acutipennis, n.s., 106. Aplecta nebulosa, melanic form of, named Robsoni, exhibited, xxvi. Argynnis aglaia, variety from Norfolk, exhibited, xxvi. — alberta, exhibited, ix.—frigga and pales from Norway, exhibited, xxvii. Argyrotoxa flavicostana, n.s., 67.—tigrina, n.s., 66.—viridis, n.s., 68. Artaxa pelona, n. 8., 1388.—rhoda, n.s., 138. (bs) Athyrma intorta, n.s., 150. Atychia albiciliata, n.s., 78. Autochthonus, n.g., 82. A. chalybdiellus, n.s., 82. Barbaroscardia, n.g., 84. B. fasciata, n.s., 84. Barsine chromatica, n.s., 135.—delicia, n.s., 477.—linatula, n.s., 135. Betharga lycoides and other moths exhibited and remarked on, xxvii. Bizone peregrina, alluded to, 136. Blastobasis irroratella, n.s., 122. Boarmia Wollastoni, n.s., 217.—var. obscura, 218. Botys lupulinalis from Hartlepool, exhibited, xxvii. Brachycrossata, 98. B. marginata, u.s., 99. Bryophila maderensis, n.s., 205. Bryotropha obscurella from Hartlepool, exhibited, xxvii. Butalis subeburnea, n.s., 122. Cacecia occidentalis, n.s., 64. Callimorpha hera from Teignmouth, exhibited, xxvii, Capnodes cascalis, n.s., 153. Caradrina taraxaci, &c., exhibited, xvi. Carige rachiaria, u.s., 492. Chionobas subhyalina, exhibited, ix. Chrysoclista bimaculella, exhibited, xxxiii. Cidaria fecunda, n.s., 493.—furva, n.s., 494.—scortea, n.s., 493. Citheronia regalis, from Iowa, exhibited, xxiv. Clelia discriminis, n.s., 474. Cleogene niveata and peletieraria, alluded to, 497. Cleora nebulosa, n.s., 488. Coleophora maritimella and vibicigerella, larve of, exhibited, xvii, Colias elis, exhibited, ix. Conchylis tricolor, n.s., 69. Coptoloma dimidiata, n.s., 76. Coremia centro-strigaria, 219. Cosmopteryx cognita, n.s., 124. Crenis Benguele, exhibited, x. Crocidophora griseifusa, n.s., 153. Curubasa depicta, n.s., 146. Cyclosia hamiltoni, n.s., 475. Daphnis hypothous captured at Crieff, N.B., exhibited, ii. Deilemera carissima, n.s., 477. Deilephila ewphorbie from Cornish coast, exhibited, xxxi. Depressaria inornatella, n.s., 113. Dichromia mollis, n.s., 481. Dicrorhampha excisa, n.s., 76. Dindica para, n.s., 490. Dissoctena affinis, n.s., 81. Dorika curta, u.s., 146. Eccopsis ? nebulana, nu, s., 71. (bcs) Elachysta cingilella, exhibited, xxxiii, Endromis versicolora, larvee of, exhibited, xv. Ennomos autumnaria, temperature experiments on, 161. Epinephele janira, bleached specimen of, exhibited, xx. Epunda albostigmata, n.s., 206. Epyrgis cuprea, n.s., 475. Eviogaster lanestris, cocoons of, xv, XXXVii. Eronia hippia, gynandromorphous specimen of, 1. Eubolia rupicola, 218. Eupithecia extensaria, exhibited, xviii. Euproctis illanta, n.s., 138. Eupterote hirsuta, n.s., 139. Euschema nelera, n.s., 141.—percota, n.s., 142. Eusemia ochracea, synonym of Xanthospilopteryx pardalina, 290.— meretriz, synonym of X. africana, 287.—nugatrix and «xanthopyga, synonyms of X. Geryon, 288. Gelechia hutchinsonella, n. s., 93.—ocellata, exhibited, x.—osseella, exhibited, xxxiiii—palpigera, n.s., 94. Geometra smaragdaria, exhibited, xviil. Glyphipteryx grapholithoides, n.s., 116. Gonepteryx cleopatra, exhibited, xviii. Gortyna intermixta, n.s., 480. Gracilaria apicistrigata, u.s., 126. — bifasciata, n.s., 126. — punctulata, n.g., 125. Gymnogramma hutchinsoni, n.s., 92. Gymnoscelis bicoloria, n.s., 220. Gynatocera zara, n.s., 476. Gyrtona exsicca, n.s., 149. Hadena atlanticum, u.s., 207.—chenopodii and other species, effect of change of climate on, 506. Harpyia wisei, n.s., 139. Hemerophila madera, n.s., 216. Hydrusa actea, n.s., 474.—baiea, n.s., 473.—era, n. s., 473. Hyela senna, n.s., 148. Hypena daria, n.s., 482.—laxia, n.s., 483. Hyperythra phenix, n.s., 484. Hypochrosis intexta, n.s., 145. Hypochrysops, new species described :—alyattes, 193.—architas, 191.— cratevas, 191.—rovena, 184.—seuthes, 192. Species described or alluded to :—anacletus, 190.—apelles, 186. —arronica, 192.—bubases, 194.—chrysanthis, 187.—celisparsus, 188. —delicia, 186.—dicomas, 185. — doleschalli, 193.— elegans, 194. — epicletus, 184.— epicurus, 186.—eucletus, 188.— halyetus, 185.— hecalius, 187. — herdonius, 194.— hippuris, 194. — hypates, 187. — hypocletus, 182. —ignita, 185. —livius, 189.— narcissus, 189.— poly- cletus, 182.—protogenes, 189.—pythias, 190.—rex, 183.—scintillans, 191.—theon, 193,—zeuxis, 190. (bani) Hyponomeuta puncticornis, n.s., 90. Ide complanella, n.s., 113. Idiopteryx, n. ey 104. Kalmina, n.g., 480. K. ochracea, n.s., 481. Khasia Hills, Heterocera from the, new species described belonging to the following genera (Col. Swinhoe) :—Alana, 491.—Anthyperythra, n.g., 485.—Barsine, 477.—Carige, 492.—Cidaria, 493.—Clelia, 474. —Cleora, 488.—Cyclosia, 475.—Deilemera, 477.—Dichromia, 481.— Dindica, 490.— Epyrgis, 475. — Gortyna, 480. — Gynatocera, 476.— Hydrusa, 473. — Hypena, 482. — Hyperythra, 484. — Kalmina, n.g., 480. — Macaria, 492. — Marcala, 487. — Micronissa, n.g., 483. (I. margaritata, alluded to, 484.)—Odontoptera, 485.—Ophthalmodes, 489. — Orgyia, 478. — Pingasa, 491. — Pydna, 479. — Redoa, 478. — Sarcinodes, 488.—Selenia, 486.—Somena, 479. Laverna gambiella, n.s., 117.—quinquecristata, n.s., 117. Lecicothera flavipalpis, n.s., 105.—marginata, n.s., 104. Licmocera, n.g., 128. L. lyonetiella, n.s., 128. Lycena antanossa, 173.—argiades, from Bloxworth Heath, Dorset, exhibited, xxvi; from Somersetshire, exhibited, xxxi.—eurypilus and zephyrus, and other species alluded to, 499-502. Lycenesthes neglecta, n.s., 175. Macaria temeraria, n.s., 492. Madeira, Lepidoptera collected in, by the late T. Vernon Wollaston, species described or alluded to belonging to the following genera (G. T. Baker) : — Acherontia, 204. — Acidalia, 213.— Acontia, 211.— Agrotis, 205.— Argynnis, 201. — Boarmia, 217. — Bryophila, 205. — Calymnia, 210.— Caradrina, 210.— Cidaria, 220. — Colias, 199.— Coremia, 219. — Cucullia, 211. — Deilephila, 204. — Deiopeia, 204.— Epunda, 206. — Eriopus, 207. — Eubolia, 218.— Gymnoscelis, 220.— Hadena, 207.—Hecatera, 205.—Heliothis, 211.—Hemerophila, 216. —Hemithea, 212.—Hypena, 212.—Hypenodes, 212.—Leucania, 210. —Lycena, 200.—Macroglossa, 204.—Mamestra, 205.—Nemoria, 212. —Nonagria, 209.—Nyssocnemis, 209.—Pararge, 202.—Phlogophora, 208.—Pieris, 198.—Plusia, 211.—Polyommatus, 200.—Prodenia, 208. —Rhodocera, 199.—Satyrus, 202.—Sphinz, 204.—Spintherops, 212. —Sterrha, 219.—Thalpochares, 211.—Vanessa, 200.—Zonosoma, 215. Mamestra madere, n.s., 205. Marcala varians, un. s., 487. Marimatha freda, n.s., 147. Masalia dora, n.s., 147. Matella ewphrona, n.s., 151. Megacraspedus suffusellus, n.s., 109. Messata acinia, n.s., 141. Micronissa margaritata, synonym of Urapteryx margaritata, 484. Micropostega, n.g., 130. MM. eneofasciata, n.s., 130. Micropteryx calthella, notes on, xvili, ( din °} Microthauma, n.g., 127. M. metallifera, n.s., 127. Nagadeba mistura, n.s., 151. Nemoria nubigena, 212. Nemotois humilis, n.s., 89. Nephopteryx splendidella from Hartlepool, exhibited, xxvii. Nepticula auromarginella from Weymouth, exhibited, x. Nisaga teta, n.s., 140. Nonagria sacchari, 209. Nothris bryophilella, n. s., 108. Nyssocnemis dubiosa, n.s., 209. Odites, n.g., 99. O. carterella, n.s., 103.—<inconspicua, n.s., 103,— natalensis, n.s., 102. Odontoptera nemea, n.s., 485. (ta carteri, n.s., 90. Oglasa costiplaga, alluded to, 153. Ophthalmodes lectularia, nu. s., 489.—pulsaria, n.s., 489. Orgyia interjecta, n.s., 478. Oxymacheris, n.g., 129. O. niveo-cervina, n.s., 129. Penthina brevibasana, n.s., 71. Peronea cristana, dark form from the New Forest, exhibited, xxvii. Phecasiophora basicornis, n.s., 74.—variabilis, n.s., 73. Philobota virgo, n.s., 115. Phlogophora Wollastoni, n.s., 208. Phoxopteris falcata, nu. s., 75.—oculifera, n.s., 75. Phycodes albitogata, n.s., 80.—punctata, n.s., 78.—substriata, n.s., 79. Pieris napi, var., and other species from Sligo, exhibited, xxxi. Pingasa alba, u.s., 491. Plotheia frontalis from Ceylon, varieties of, exhibited, vii. Plusia moneta from Tonbridge, exhibited, xviii. Poaphila erica, n.s., 149. Polyhymmno cledorella, n.s., 95. P.? tenwis, n.s., 96. Prothoé belisama, n.s., 403.—caledonia from Perak, exhibited, xii. Pseudonymphula petula, n.s., 169. Pterogonia, n.g., 152. LP. episcopalis, n.s., 152. Pydna notata, nu. s., 479. Pyroderces simplex, u.s., 119. Redoa dica, n. s., 478.—nigricilia, n.s., 478. Reselia culaca, n.s., 137. Sarcinodes susana, uu. s., 488. Scalidomia, n.g., 88. S. horridella, alluded to, 84. Scoria dealbata, larve of, exhibited, xxii. Selenia codra, n.s., 486.—murina, n. s., 487.—illustraria, experiments on, 157, vii. Sericoris apicipunctana, n.s., 72. Sesia scolieformis from Rannoch, exhibited, xxxiii, Simethis flavimaculata, n.s., 77, ( ixy) Somena magna, n.s., 479. Southern India, new species of moths from, belonging to the following genera (Col. Swinhoe) :—dAbrawas, 143.—Alamis, 150.—Alpenus, 137. —Artaxa, 138. — Athyrma, 150.—Axylia, 145.— Barsine, 135.— Bizone, 135.—Capnodes, 153.—Crocidophora, 153.—Curubasa, 146. —Dorika, 146.—Euproctis, 138.—Eupterote, 189.—Euschema, 141.— Gyrtona, 149. — Harpyia, 189.— Hyela, 148. — Hypochrosis, 145.— Marimatha, 147. — Masalia, 147. — Matella, 151. — Messata, 141.— Nagadeba, 151.—Nisaga, 140.—Oglasa (alluded to), 153.—Poaphila, 149. — Pterogonia, n.g., 152. — Reselia, 137.— Syntomis, 134.— Tarache, 148.—Tascia, 133.—Thalassodes, 144.—Zomia, 144. Spilonota pauperana, exhibited, xxxiii. Stagmatophora distincta, n.s., 119.—fasciata, n.s., 118. Stathmopoda crassella, n.s., 121.—divisa, n.s., 121.—maculata, n.s., 120, Strobisia, 97. S. metallica, n.s., 97. Syntomis lydia, n.s., 184.—magna, un, s., 133.—mota, n.s., 134. Tarache melanchlena, n.s., 148. Tascia gana, n. s., 183. Thalassodes melica, n.s., 144. Timyra extranea, n.s., 105. Tinea subtilella from Portland Island, exhibited, x.—zebra, n.s., 86. Tortrix donelana from Tuam, exhibited, xxiv. Xanthosptlopteryx, 279.—X. adulatrix, 290.—emulatrix, 284.—africana, 287.—Aisha, n.s., 291.—Butleri, 291.—contigua, 286.—Koa, 285.— Fatima, u.s., 288.—Geryon, 287.—Hornimani, 282.—indecisa, 287.— incongruens, 289.—longipennis, 286.—mozambica, 285.—nigridorsa, 286.—niveosparsa, 284. — pallida, 283. — pardalina, 290. — pentelia, 292.—erdix, 285.—Poggei, 283,—superba, 289.—terminatis, 284,— Thruppi, 289.—tigrina, 282. Ypsolophus gigas, n.s., 107.—marmoratus, n, s,, 108, Zarathra muricicoma, n.s., 125. Zerites Orcas, n.s., 176. Zomia miscella, n.s., 144. Zonosoma maderensis, n.s., 216. 4Zygena filipendule, specimen with five wings, exhibited, x.— minos dark specimens from Carnarvonshire, exhibited, xxxi. NEUROPTERA. Allocormodes, new name substituted for Cormodes, 512. Ascalaphus obscurus, alluded to, 513. Atropos pulsatoria, note on, xxxii. Campylophlebia, n.g., 510. C. magnifica, n.s., 511. Idricerus Albardanus, un. s., 514.—Elwesii, n. s., 512.— japonicus, n.s., 513, Ptynx furciger, n.s., 509. z ORTHOPTERA, Acridoxena hewaniana, alluded to, 410. Anisolabis tasmanica, alluded to, xxy. (C lxwa )) Corycus jurinei, alluded to, 411. Decticus pallidus, synonym of Mecopoda elongata, 406. Euthypoda, species alluded to: —acutipennis, 409.— granulosa, 409.— inalata, 409.—kanguroo, 409.—unguiculata, 410. Forficulide, species of, from Mount Wellington, Tasmania, exhibited, x, —species exhibited, xxii. Hemisaga hastata feeding on Danais chrysippus, xxi. Lucera bicoloripes, synonym of Mecopoda elongata, 406. Macrolyristes imperator, alluded to, 405. Mecopoda, new species: — Karschi, 407.—regina, 408.—Walkeri, £07.— Species alluded to :—cyrtoscelis, 406.—elongata, 406.—frontalis, 407 —lamellata, 406.—latipennis, 407.—platyphea, 407. Mossula Salomonis, n.s., 411.—vitticollis, alluded to, 411. Pachysmopoda abbreviata, alluded to, 409. Phyrama interjectum, alluded to, 411. Stalia foliata, synonym of, Acridoxena hewaniana, 410. etralia quadrata, alluded to, 410. THYSANURA. Japysx solifugus, from the Eastern Pyrenees, exhibited, xix. WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., PRINTERS, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C, THE TRANSACTIONS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LONDON For tHE YeEarR 1891. ee Se I. Notes on the genitalia of a gynandromorphous Kronia Hippia. By Grores T. Baker, F.L.S. [Read October Ist, 1890.] PuateE I. Some six months ago a gynandromorphous Hronia Hippia v. Gea was exhibited at one of your meetings, the abdo- men of which specimen (through the generosity of its owner, Mr. Griffiths) has since been sent to me for examination and dissection. I must admit that, though I undertook the work with much interest, it was not with- out a considerable amount of misgiving as to what the result might be, which result I now propose to lay before you. The most important memoirs on the genitalia of Rhopalocera are those by Dr. F. B. White and the late Mr. Philip H. Gosse,* besides which we have also the * Trans. Linn. Soce., vol.1., p. 857, and vol. ii., p. 265. Zoology. Second series. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1891.—PART I. (MARCH.) B 2 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on the genitalia investigations of Messrs. Scudder and Burgess ;* all of these treat of the male organs only, whilst of the female organs practically nothing has been published, though they are certainly worthy of examination. At the anal extremity of the insect under consideration there was a considerable protrusion of some membrane, either fatty or muscular, but evidently, from its nature and colour, not chitinous. If fatty, it would be soluble in ether; if muscle, liquor potasse would dissolve it. I therefore first immersed it in the former, which did not produce the slightest effect; so from this I put the abdomen into a solution of potass, which caused the emitted portion to disappear rapidly ; I therefore con- clude that this membrane must have been muscular, and arising from the general malformation of the butter- fly, as it exhibited no signs of pressure or rough usage. Having mounted it in the usual way (I did not dissect it, but prepared the whole abdomen with all the organs in situ, aS far as possible), I will now describe the whole of the genitalia, comparing them with the same organs of g and ¢ Hippia v. Gea, and will adhere to the terms for the various parts as adopted by Dr. White and Mr. Gosse. It may be advisable to mention that my drawings were all made: with a camera, Nos. 1 and 2 being magnified about 153 diameters, No. 8, 81 diameters, Nos. 14, 18, 1p, and 4 about 47 diameters, and Nos. 1c and 24 about 233 diameters. Valves, fig. la. The right valve is well-developed, though slightly abnormal; it is roughly triangular in shape, with the base hollowed internally, the upper (internal) extremity of which is produced into a narrow hooked finger curved slightly downwards, the lower extremity being rounded ; the apex is likewise digitate, but turned upwards. Between the upper extremity of the base and the apex, about one-third of the distance from the former, is hinged a curious arm-like pendant, fitted with a sort of elbow attachment to a small excre- scence on the margin, to which is fixed a hanging pro- cess (fig. 1b1 and 18), which is evidently one of the ? clasps (if I may so call them), the ? sex being provided with a pair of weak clasps. The left valve is entirely * *Proceedings’ of the Boston (U.S.) Soc. of Nat. Hist., April, 1870, of a gynandromorphous Eronia Hippia. 3 abnormal. It is composed partly of the g valve and partly, I think, of the ¢ clasp. It will be seen from the figure lal that it is hollowed like a boat, open at one end, and terminating in a point at the other, whilst from about its centre rises a structure (fig. 1b), which. is probably composed of the pendant, already mentioned, und the other ¢ clasp, both being much aborted. The two sides of the open end rise into two points, giving the organ a curious appearance. The tegumen and uncus (which Mr. Gosse looked upon as separate organs, but which are not so in reality, the latter being the terminal joint of the former) are very abnormal. The tegumen (fig. 1d), instead of being a regular hood- like structure most developed posteriorly, 7.e., towards the head of the insect, has only quite a slight hood- formation at its hinder and upper portion, but is de- veloped more forwards, becoming a fairly broad lobe at its juncture with the uncus; furthermore, instead of working by a double arm, one on each side the abdomen, it has only a single armed attachment on the right side (fig. 1d1). The uncus (fig. 1c) is simply a finger-like extremity of the tegumen, and is abnormally fixed into this organ, not jointed to it as usual. We now come to an organ that has not been mentioned (so far as I can find) by any of my predecessors in these investigations, viz., a sort of bag or little sack, which I will call the ‘‘ saccus,”’ from the Latin ‘‘ saccus,” a bag (figs. le and 2e). Itis an organ confined to the male sex, wherein the working joints of both valves and tegu- men have their seat. In the gynandromorphous speci- men this is again abnormal, being simply a longish narrow tube affixed on to the posterior extremity of the valves, and into which the arm of the tegumen (fig. 1d 1) is also fixed a little further along. The penis (fig. 1/) is wonderfully developed, as it is in all the species of this genus that I have examined. In typical v. Gea it is a good-sized tube of fairly uniform size, but in this specimen it is rather narrower for the first three-fifths, when it suddenly expands out into a large and broad termination, not unlike the butt-end of arifle. There is also within this organ a sort of mem- branous short tubular sack. This member is also B2 4 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on the genitalia figured at 1c, magnified about 233 diameters, so that its curious structure can thus be easily seen. The ovarian sack is also present and well-developed, with nothing unusual about it. At fig. 14 the left abnormal ¢ clasp is shown magnified about 47 diameters (in fig. 1 it is numbered J); it is fixed on to the valve near the centre, and is somewhat globose in shape, being attached to the valve by a pyramidal neck, probably the other hanging pendant, already mentioned. Similarly magnified at fig. 18 is the right equally curious ? clasp (in fig. 1 numbered 51); it is shown affixed to the arm-like pendant, so that the structure of both the aborted clasp and the pendant is readily seen. The ? clasp appears to be sufficiently large to form almost the two ordinary clasps of this sex. In my figure (No. 2) of the typical genitalia of 3 ““v. Gea,” I have only drawn the one valve for the sake of clearness, and the one arm of the tegumen and the intromittent organ are shown dotted for the same reason. The valve (fig. 2a) is similar to that already described, but the inner curved extremity is more curved down- wards, and the apex is longer and not curved quite so sharply as in the gynandromorphous insect, and the upper margin is produced upwards at about two-thirds from its apex into a sort of knob, from which hangs the arm-like pendant (fig. 2b), which is likewise similar to that just described, only instead of having an elbow-jointed attach- ment, it simply hangs from the margin of the clasp. The tegumen (fig. 2d) is a well-developed hood of a saddle-like shape, elongated posteriorly downwards, and developed considerably more behind than before. Dr. White describes the tegumen as forming ‘“‘a chitinous ring more or less round the ventral are.” This ring forms more correctly two arms (fig. 2 d1), each fixed in the saccus, and being capable of motion fore and aft, and also, to a certain extent, of lateral movement. The uncus (fig. 2c) forms the extremity of the tegu- men, and in y. Gea is somewhat the shape of a chough’s bill, but broader at the tip in proportion, the apex of which les between the upper margins of the two valves. It is probably capable of independent motion in a vertical direction, but I think is most likely incapable of further movement apart from the tegumen, to which it is jointed. The saccus (fig. 2e), whereto the joints of both valves of a gynandromorphous Eronia Hippia. 5 and tegumen are affixed, is a well-developed bag, rounded at the bottom and open, as a bag, at the top. The penis (fig. 2) is rounded at its hinder extremity, of moderately uniform width, slightly expanding near its tip, where it is wrapped up into many small folds, and from this is, I suppose, capable of grea expansion at this end (see also fig. 24). The external genitalia of the 2 Gea are shown at fig. 3, and consist of a very simple pair of clasps, if I may so term them: they usually spring from the upper part of the abdomen, and incline downwards, and are mostly covered with a mass of fine bristles, each arising from a small warty protuberance. It will be seen from these descriptions and figures that the gynandromorphous specimen is more ofa ¢ than @ in its generic organs. The wings similarly coincide with the genitalia, the right wings having ¢ coloration, and the left 2; whilst in like manner the right organs are more characteristic of the ¢ than those on the left side. I will now draw attention to a very curious organ found occasionally in the ovarian sack of many lepi- dopterous genera (but more especially, I believe, in the Pieride), which is present both in the abnormal v. Gea, and also in the normal female examined by me. These are figured at lp and 4. The shapes vary much in different genera, but, so far as my experience goes, each genus follows one form in a more or less modified shape ; for instance, among the earlier Pieride the form is generally somewhat akin to fig. 4, viz., the normal v. Gea, which is doubly ovate, joined together by a narrow neck, and studded all over with formidable teeth. It is enclosed in a tight-fitting sack (not visible in my figure, as I only discovered it when closely examining the organ under a high power). From this form it becomes much modified as we approach the genus Colias, where its shape almost entirely loses the ovate appearance. It will be seen from fig. 1p that in the gynandromorphous specimen its form is simpler, being somewhat that of a thick short club, which is destitute of the close-fitting sack, but lies bare within the ovarian sack, this being quite distinct from the former one. The only work in which I can find any mention of this organ is in that most valuable one by Salvin and Godman. 6 Genitalia of a gynandromorphous Eronia Hippia. Having no suggestions to make on its probable use, I ought perhaps to apologise for bringing it before your ‘notice ; my object, however, is simply to hear what other insect anatomists have to say on the matter, and thus elucidate a curious and interesting organ. EXPLANATION OF Puate I. Fic. 1.— All the genitalia, im sitw, of the gynandromorphous : v. Gea. a, right valve; al, left valve; band 61, abnormal ? clasps; c, uncus; d, tegumen; d1, arm of tegumen; e, saccus; f, intromittent organ. 14 and 18.— 2 abnormal clasps, further magnified. 1c.—Intromittent organ, further magnified. 1p.—Curious organ found in ovarian sack. Fic. 2. — Genitalia of Hronia Hippia v.Gea (typical). a, valve ; b, pendant; c, uncus; d, tegumen; d1, arm of tegu- men; e, saccus; f, intromittent organ. 24.—Intromittent organ, further magnified. 3.— ? clasps of typical v. Gea. 4.—Curious organ found in ovarian sack of typical v. Gea. (hides Il. A Monograph of British Braconide. Part IV. By the Rev. Tuomas A. Marsuatt, M.A., F.E.S. [Read November 5th, 1890.] PLATE II. XXIII. OPIIDES. Clypeus either fitting closely to the mandibles, or raised in front so as to leave a narrow transverse aperture. Occiput concave, not margined (except in Ademon). Maxillary palpi 6-, labial 3—4- jointed. Mesothoracic sutures more or less complete or effaced. Wings ample, longer than the abdomen; fore wings with 3 cubital areolets, the 2d oblong or trapeziform, usually much broader than high; stigma lanceolate, attenuated, seldom elliptic or ovate ; radial areolet ample; recurrent nervure evected, seldom inter- stitial and very rarely subrejected; prediscoidal areolet usually petiolated. Radius and cubitus of the hind wings faintly traced or obsolete; basal nervures and prebrachial transverse generally distinct: the hind wings occasionally exhibit a pobrachial trans. verse nervure, more or less rudimentary (ef. in the fig., see ‘** Horismology of Wings,” Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 8). Abdo- men subsessile or subpetiolated, usually short, ovate, or globose, somewhat more elongate in the g; suturiform articulation obsolete (except in Ademon and Gnamptodon), the other sutures visible. Terebra generally concealed or very short ; rarely half as long, or as long, as the abdomen. Head as broad as the thorax or broader; antenne slender, filiform, usually longer than the body; face almost always cari. nated down the middle; mandibles large, often emarginate at the base beneath; palpi short (except in Hedylus) ; vertex convex posteriorly, merging insensibly into the occiput; ocelli small, de- pressed; prothorax generally inconspicuous; mesothorax com- monly without distinct sutures, but in other cases these are variously developed; often a rounded or oblong impression is seen just before the scutellum ;* abdomen showing 7 segments above, of ** Not to be confounded with the transverse cancellated fovea at the base of the scutellum, which is common to most parasiti Hymenoptera. TRANS. ENT. $0C. LOND. toot er I. (MARCH.) 8 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of which 2—3 are connate and much the longest; the 2d suture almost always invisible, except in Gnamptodon; 1st segment short, seldom more than 4 of the length of the abdomen, some- what dilated posteriorly, narrower than the following segments, and variously sculptured. Radial areolet cultrate, ending not far from the extremity of the fore wing; stigma from ovate or lanceo- late, becoming more and more linear and elongate until it occupies $ of the metacarpus, asin the inferior Alysiides ; 2d cubital areolet also elongate and attenuated in various degrees; usually the sides converge slightly towards the extremity of the wing, but some- times they are almost parallel; 2d intercubital transverse nervure faintly traced or extinct; pre-and pobrachial areolets equal, or the latter somewhat the longer; cubitus more or less effaced after passing the transverse nervures. The legs offer no peculiarity. The Opiides form a natural group of considerable extent, found in both hemispheres, more abundantly in the northern and central countries. They are well placed next to the Alysiides, from which some of them are not distinguishable at first sight ; but the latter may always be known by their everted mandibles. Many Opiids also resemble the Bracons; but they have not the oral aperture peculiar to the Cyclostomi; they differ, moreover, in the habits of their larve, and in having for the most part a concealed terebra. They do not settle upon flowers, but frequent shady places, where they may be captured, though never abundantly, upon low plants in the neighbourhood of water. Their parasitism has seldom been observed, but Goureau reared several from dipterous larve belonging to the genera Chilosia, Cor- dyla, Tephritis, and Phytomyza ; and, according to Ratze- burg, they also attack Lepidoptera: not Coleoptera, for Opius rubriceps, Ratz., parasite of Scolytus, is a Ceno- coclius. The genus Opius is of Wesmael’s creation; he described 40 species, including Haliday’s Ademon, which the latter writer, following Nees v. Esenbeck, considered as a section of Rhogas ; but, from the absence of the oral aperture proper to a Cyclostome, it is better placed in its present position. The only other writer who has much elucidated the groups is Haliday, whose mono- graph extends to 49 British species; one of these con- stitutes his genus Gnamptodon, and, of the rest, 22 were unknown to Wesmael. ‘Ten species were previously British Braconide. 9 known to Nees v. Esenbeck, and arranged by him in the genus Bracon, Sectio III. (Mon., i., pp. 52—60). Six of these have been recognised and extracted by Wesmael and Haliday. Bracon singulator, Nees, and Opius singularis, Wesm., are two different insects with names too much alike. Of the species mentioned or described by Ratzeburg, Opius rubriceps belongs to the genus Cenocelius ; and O. ventricosus, occurring only in the index, is a misprint for Ophion. In Forster’s Synopsis (Verh. d. pr. Rheinl., 1862) no less than 25 genera are proposed for the Opiides. Eight of them are founded upon undescribed insects, and must be rejected as mere names. The remaining 17 have not been of so much use to me as I expected; they depend each upon some trifling character peculiar to one species, and I found it impossible to maintain them as genera. The following names have therefore been here reunited to the genus Opius or to Brosteres: Chilotrichia, Rhabdospilus, Holco- notus, Allotypus, Therobolus, Hypocynodus, Hypolabis, Biophthora, Desmiostoma, Nosopea, and Utetes. On the other hand, I have retained Biosteres and Diachasma, which represent the leading sections of Haliday and Wesmael; each contains a group of similar species, and so far fulfils one of the most essential functions of a genus. Of the seven genera here adopted, the four first consist, unfortunately, of a single species each ; yet they seem too aberrant to be included under Opius. Since the year 1836, when Haliday wrote in the 4th vol. of the ‘ Hntomological Magazine,’ no notice has been taken of the Opiids in this country, and hardly any mention of them occurs in continental publications ; they remain up to the present time among the most neglected of all hymenopterous tribes. In this attempt to reintroduce them to notice I have been unable to obtain any assistance from others, and hence the amount of new matter to be brought forward is necessarily small. Haliday’s paper on Opius does not profess to be com- plete; the reader is throughout referred to Wesmael for detailed descriptions ; and this, together with extreme conciseness, makes his work laborious to consult. I have endeavoured to remedy this by presenting the whole subject at one view, explained and arranged in a uniform manner, and I have added a few figures of unpublished forms in illustration of each genus. 10 Rey. T. A. Marshall's Monograph of These insects cannot be identified successfully without some attention to the preparation of the specimens. The principal characters will always have to be taken from the upper side, and with this object in view the specimen must by no means be pinned, which renders the display of the wings and legs almost impossible, besides destroying the thorax,—but it must be neatly set out on a card. It is necessary also in every case to inspect the clypeus and the fovea or furrow of the pleure, situated immediately above the middle coxe, and this becomes impossible when the insect is fastened down flat. It will not do to provide against one of these difficulties and neglect the other; both must be over- come, or the result will almost certainly be disappoint- ment. The question then arises how two requirements, apparently inconsistent with each other, can be fulfilled with the least amount of trouble. One obvious mode of proceeding is that which I have adopted for about two years, viz., never to set a freshly taken Opius without first inspecting, and writing down, the two characters taken from the clypeus and the pleure. By this method not a moment of time is wasted, future certainty is pro- vided for, and the proper preservation of the specimen isinsured. If this preliminary examination be neglected, it is still possible so to set a specimen that it may be removed from the card at pleasure, not without trouble, but with very trifling trouble. Dr. Capron has explained, in the ‘ Entomologist,’ how this may be effected, and it is not necessary to repeat his remarks here. A dried Opius, perfectly well-set, may be fixed on its card with an almost invisibly small drop of gum under the thorax, or better still, under the abdomen, leaving the antenne, wings, and legs quite free. A wet camel-hair pencil dissolves this gum in a moment, and the specimen may then be examined in any position, and afterwards re- turned to its card. TABLE OF GENERA. (2) 1. Occiput acutely margined; body scabrous, not shining ; radial areolet aT closed .. : . 1. ADEMON. (1) 2. Oceput not raareeede senor al marines of bie body shining, with only a few portions ru- gose; radial areolet closed (except in Dia- ~ chasma caffer). British Braconidae. 11 (4) 3. Second abdominal segment impressed with two curved, transverse, punctate lines . .. li. GNAMPTODON. (3) 4. Second abdominal segment with no mapresed lines. (6) -5. Second abscissa of the radius shorter than the Ist intercubital nervure 36 .. lii, Hepyuus. (5) 6. Second abscissa of the radius Aare to, or longer than, the 1st intercubital nervure. (10) 7. Second abscissa of the radius longer than the Ist intercubital nervure. _ (9) 8. Radius springing from the extreme base of the stigma .. ; . iv. HuryTENEs. (8) 9. Radius springing Hane any Sten point of the stigma .. : v. OPpius. (7) 10. Second abscissa of the Pains a aa fo. the ie intercubital nervure. (12) 11. Stigma of the usual form, short, ovate or sub- triangular, never emitting the radius from a point before the middle (except D. rugosa) vii. DiacHasMa. (11) 12. Stigma elongate, narrow, emitting the radius from the middle or from a point before it .. vi. BiosTEREs. i. ApEMoN, Haliday. Hal., Ent. Mag., 1., 266. Clypeus reaching the mandibles, and closing the mouth; cheeks defined by a cariniform line; occiput acutely margined; maxillary palpi 6-, labial 4-jointed. Body subscabrous or coriaceous, not shining. Prothorax distinct, deeply and transversely striated. Mesothoracic sutures effaced; the middle lobe canaliculated, and margined on either side by a raised line, which is highest in front. Mesopleurz with a rugose furrow. Metathorax short, truncate, coarsely and irregularly reticulated. Wings much longer than the body, narrow; stigma wedge-shaped, attenuated, emitting the radius beyond the middle; recurrent nervure interstitial; 2d abscissa of the radius as long as the 1st intercubital nervure ; radius and cubitus effaced after passing the 2d cubital areolet ; pobrachial areolet somewhat longer than the prebrachial; hind wings very narrow, their pobrachial areolet as long as 4 of the prebrachial; no anal nervure. Legs elongate, slender; femora and apex of the tibie subincrassated; claws elongate. Abdomen sessile, depressed, scabrous, dull, with distinct sutures; the seg- ments in the 9 widening from the base to about the end of the 2d, which is as long as the 1st; 3d scarcely a quarter as long as the 2d; the rest very short, annuliform, tapering to the extremity, Terebra concealed. In the g the sculpture is less rough, the 12 Rey. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of abdomen longer, more depressed, the posterior segments more broadly visible, and the claws shorter. 1. Ademon decrescens, Nees. (Pl. II., fig. 1, 2). Rogas decrescens, Nees, Mon., 1., 220; A. decrescens, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 104; Optus decrescens, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1838, p. 148, g f- Resembles a small Rhogas. Variable; usually black ; mandibles, palpi, and legs rufo-piceous. Antenne shorter than the body, 21—27-jointed ; basal joints of the flagellum elongate, the others rapidly decreasing in Jength to the apex ; last joint not longer than the penultimate; 3d joint equal to the 4 apical joints taken together. Scutellum preceded by a cancellated fovea. Wings variable (see infra); radix and squamula rufous, with a dark spot. Abdomen @ oblong-ovate, subconvex; segments 1, 2 equal in length, widened behind, densely punctulate or scabrous ; suturi- form articulation curved, deeply impressed ; 3d segment punctu- late, with the hinder margin smooth, forming a transverse carina ; apical segments also smooth, or only the base of the 4th punctu- late; posterior margin of all the segments ciliated. ¢ 9. Length, 1—12; wings, 23—3 lines. Haliday arranges the principal varieties in two sections :— I. Wings infumated ; stigma and nervures fuscous; body black, abdomen sometimes piceous behind. ¢ 9. Var.1. Legs blackish, trochanters pale brown or yellow, base of tibiz and tarsi sometimes pale. Var. 2. Cox, femora, and base of tibie dull rufous; or legs rufous, with the tibiz and tips of the tarsi dark. Var. 8. Sides of prothorax rufous; the rest as in Var. 1. II. Wings yellowish, clouded with fuscous at the base and apex; stigma yellow; nervures becoming paler towards the ex- tremity. Females only. Var. 4. Black; prothorax rufous; posterior margin of segments 3—4, and following segments entirely, piceous. Legs blackish, with yellow trochanters; base of the tibizx and almost the whole of the tarsi, ferruginous. Var. 5. Black; thorax in front, and abdomen after the 8d seg. ment, rufous. Femora blackish brown; tibie brown; coxe and greater part of the tarsi ferruginous; apex of femora and base of British Braconidae. 18 tibie yellow. Sometimes a rufous patch on the occiput, and another beneath the antenne. Var. 6. Rufous; vertex, metathorax, and 1st abdominal seg- ment, black; antennz black; legs fuscous; coxe, apex of femora, base of tibie and of tarsi, flavo-testaceous; trochanters yellow. Sometimes the metathorax and 1st segment are infuscated only in the middle, or the abdomen and legs are more flavo-testaceous ; the extreme base of the 4 posterior femora, with the apex of their tibiz and tarsi, fuscous. Rare and local in England; Walker’s collection con- tained only a single specimen ; taken by Haliday much more frequently in the Hebrides and in Ireland, where he found it almost gregarious on aquatic plants by the sides of rivers. I have seen no specimens except my own, which were taken formerly by sweeping Nasturtium officinale in a ditch near Aylestone, in Leicestershire ; at that place the insects were not uncommon, but no varieties occurred among them. Nees v. Esenbeck found his specimen on water-cress near Sickershausen, and received others from Bohemia and Italy. He has de- scribed a second species as Rogas mutuator, distinguished chiefly by the smoothness of the 3d abdominal segment ; of this I captured a specimen in Corsica. li. GNamptropon, Haliday. Gnamptodon, Hal., Ent. Mag., i1., 265 (1838). Diraphus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1838, p. 89. Head transverse; clypeus separated from the mandibles by a narrow space in the form of a crescent; labial palpi 3-jointed. Mesothoracic sutures deep, impunctate, effaced posteriorly. Meso- pleure smooth, without a furrow. Stigma ovate, lanceolate, emitting the radius a little before the middle; radial areolet oblong, lanceolate, ending not far from the tip of the wing; 2d abscissa of the radius almost as short as the Ist, making the 2d cubital areolet very narrow, trapeziform, and smaller than the Ist, which receiveg the recurrent nervure near its apex ; pobrachial areolet longer than the prebrachial; anal nervure not interstitial. Abdomen sub- sessile, ovate; Ist segment obconic, striolate, bicarinate; 2d im- pressed near the base with an arcuate, punctate, transverse line across the disk, and another near the apex; the concave side of both impressions is towards the thorax; 3d suture superficial like the 2d, not diarthrodial, a character peculiar to this genus. Terebra very short, subulate, deflexed, 14 Rey. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of Nees v. Esenbeck described the single species of this genus as a Bracon, and Wesmael founded for it a new genus Diraphus, which he included among the Cyclo- stomi; the oral aperture, however (if it can be so called), is very different from that of the Braconoid genera, being merely a transverse slit caused by the clypeus not touching the mandibles, a structure characteristic of many Opiids, in accordance with which Haliday referred his genus Gnamptodon to its present place. 1. Gnamptodon pumilio, Nees. (Pl. IL., fig. 2, 2). Bracon pumilio, Nees, Mon., 1., 90, 3 2. G. pumilio, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 220, 3 ¢; fig. d (wing). Diraphus pygmeus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1888, p. 90, 3; pl. fig. F (abdomen). Black, shining; belly testaceous ; oral parts, 4 or 5 basal joints of antenne, and legs, yellow; claws fuscous. Head minutely punctulate ; middle of the face smooth. Antenne about as long as the body, filiform, 19—23-jointed. Wings hyaline, squamula and nervures yellow, the latter very pale, mostly subobsolete ; stigma fusco-testaceous ; podiscoidal areolet open at the extremity. 3 @. Length, 3—1; wings, 13—23 lines. Not common ; taken by Nees in Franconia; by Hali- day in the Hebrides and Iveland, on leaves of Betula alba; by Wesmael in Belgium; found sparingly in England; I have seen specimens in Fitch’s and Bignell’s collections, and possess one myself, from which the figure is taken. Ratzeburg (Ichn. d. Forst., ii., 176) notices a Bracon bred from Stigmonota dorsana, F., which he refers conjecturally to Wesmael’s Diraphus ; but this gives no certain information, for the terebra of this insect was half as long as the abdomen; Ratzeburg compares it to Bracon titubans, Wesm.; it was not, however, a genuine Bracon. ii. Hmpynus, n.g. Statura gracilis, antennis pedibusque elongatis. Clypeus apice elevatus ; gene dilatz; palpi maxillares longissimi, labiales 4- articuli. Mesothoracis sulculi distincti. Mesopleure sulco cre- nato. Stigma fere ovale, radium ultra medium emittens; areola cubitalis 2da parva, transversa, latere externo obsoleto, angulo British Braconide. 15 interno fortiter producto; radii abscissa 2da nervo 1mo inter- cubitali-brevior, abscissa lma perpaulo longior ; nervus recurrens interstitialis; areola podiscoidalis non perfecte occlusa; nervus cubitalis pone areolam cubitalem 2dam deletus. Alarum inferi- orum areola pobrachialis prebrachiali plus quam dimidio brevior ; nervus analis nullus. Abdomen subpetiolatum, sulcis transversis nullis; suture preter primam obsolete; segmentum lum elon- gatum fere lineave. Femina latet. Form slender, with elongate antennz and legs. Clypeus raised at the apex; cheeks dilated ; maxillary palpi very long, labial 4- jointed. Mesothoracie sutures distinct. Mesopleure with a crenate furrow. Stigma subovate, emitting the radius beyond the middle; 2d cubital areolet small, transverse, its outer side obsolete, its inner angle much produced; 2d abscissa of the radius shorter than the 1st intercubital nervure, and very little longer than the Ist abscissa; recurrent nervure interstitial; podiscoidal areolet incompletely closed; cubital nervure effaced after passing the 2d cubital areolet. Pobrachial areolet of the hind wings less than half as long as the prebrachial; anal nervure none. Abdomen subpetiolated, without transverse impressions; all the sutures after the 1st indistinct ; Ist segment elongate, sublinear. Female not known. The unique insect here indicated is a true Opiid from the structure of the mouth, though otherwise much like an Alysia. The mandibles fit closely at the points; the clypeus does not touch them in the middle, its lower edge being raised so as to leave a small opening. Head subcubic, buccate, widest behind, and broader than the thorax; occiput concave, not margined; face sub- carinated ; maxillary palpi remarkably long, reaching to the hind cox. Middle lobe of the mesothorax trun- cate anteriorly ; mesothoracic sutures impunctate, almost effaced posteriorly; a punctiform fovea before the scutellum. Abdomen as long as the head and thorax, eradually widened to the truncated anus, and depressed, appearing biarticulate from the extreme tenuity of the sutures; lst segment rimulose, the rest smooth and shining. The 2d cubital areolet is not longer than that of Gnamptodon, but shorter, transverse, less contracted at the tip, and much more acutely produced inwards; the preediscoidal areolet is subsessile; the straight radius reaches the top of the wing. With this may perhaps be compared Forster’s undescribed genus Mesotages, in Verh. pr. Rheinl., 1862, p. 258. 16 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph ot 1. Hedylus habilis, n.sp. (PI. IL., fig. 3, ¢). Niger, capite, antennarum basi, prothorace, mesothoracis lateri- bus, abdominisque medio superne, testaceis. Palpi fere albidi. Stemmaticum nigrum; vertex, occiput, piceo-rufa. Scutellum etiam piceum. Ale hyaline, squamula, nervis, stigmate, pallide fuscescentibus. Pedes flavidi coxis pallidioribus. Black; head, antennz broadly at the base, prothorax, sides of the mesothorax partly, and abdomen indeterminately in the middle, testaceous. Palpi very pale, whitish. Stemmaticum black ; vertex and occiput piceo-rufous. Scutellum piceous. Wings hyaline, squamula, nervures, and stigma pale, fuscescent. Legs yellowish, with paler coxe. g. Length, 13; wings, 33 lines. Antenne slender, setaceous, twice the length of the body, 36- jointed, the 3d joint much longer than the 4th; joints 1—8 testa- ceous, the rest gradually darkened to the apex. Metathorax short, sloping gradually, irregularly reticulated, with a smooth shining space on either side of the base; the apical margin somewhat acutely raised. Wings much longer than the abdomen; fore wings ample, the nervures distinct, except the cubitus, the 2d intercubital, and the extremity of the anal, which are effaced. Hind wings narrow, ciliated with long pale hairs. First abdominal segment scarcely dilated behind, 3 times longer than its apical breadth, longitudinally convex with depressed lateral margins, rimulose, black, the extreme base testaceous ; therest of the abdomen smooth, shining, blackish, broadly and indeterminately testaceous on the disk. The only specimen was discovered by Bignell in South Devon. iv. Kurytenss, Forster. Forst., Verh. pr. Rheinl., 1862, p. 259. Distinguished from Opiws only by its peculiar wings. Face carinated ; mouth closed. Mesopleure impressed with a crenate furrow. Mesothorax elevated, gibbous, subruguiose, without visible sutures. Metathorax very short, abruptly sloping, contracted behind. Fore wings ample, dilated and obtusely rounded at the extremity; stigma very long and narrow, incrassated towards the apex; radius springing from its extreme base; 1st abscissa making a very obtuse angle with the 2d, but not in a line with it (as repre- sented by Wesmael) ; 3d abscissa straight, reaching the end of the wing, and enclosing a large cultriform radial areolet; 2d cubital areolet larger than the Ist, both trapezoidal; recurrent nervure British Braconide. 17 interstitial; cubital and anal nervures effaced towards their extremity. Hind wings shorter by a half, narrow, linear. Abdo- men almost petiolated ; 1st segment short, narrow, linear, rugulose, with distinct tubercles; the following segments form a smooth oval, as bread as the thorax. Terebra hardly exserted. 1. Hurytenes abnormis, Wesm. (Pl. II., fig. 4, wing). Opius abnormis, Wesm., Nouv. Mem. Ac. Brux., 1835, p- 117, pl. i, fig. 5 (wing) ; Hal., Ent. Mazg.,, iv., 204, fig. c (wing, more correctly drawn); Ratz., Techn ae Horst., m5 62; oo: Black ; abdomen dull testaceous or piceous; darker at the apex in the g. Antenne (broken in my specimen) filiform, longer than the body; 1st joint, tip of the 2d, and base of the 3d, testaceous. Mandibles, palpi, and margin of the clypeus, pale testaceous. Metathorax rugulose, except on each side of the base. Wings hyaline, squamula, stigma, and nervures brownish. Legs testa- ceous; tips of the hind femora, most part of their tibie, and their tarsi, infuscated. g 9. Length, 1—1}; wings, 24—3 lines. A single pair were discovered by Wesmael near Brussels; a 2 in North Ireland by Haliday; a 3 at Windsor by Walker; and a ? of unknown origin is in my collection. Ratzeburg (/.c.) briefly mentions an Opius paradoxus, bred by Bouché from the maggot of Pegomyia bicolor, Wied., which had the wings of Hury- tenes, except that the 2d and 8d cubital areolets were not separated. The 2d intercubital nervure is subobsolete in nearly all the Opiids, and I presume Ratzeburg’s insect was the present species. vy. Oprus, Wesmael. Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 115; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 203. Radial areolet closed; radius never springing from the base of the stigma ; its 2d abscissa longer, often much longer, than the 1st intercubital nervure; stigma elongate, narrow. The other characters are those of the subfamily (see ante). The preceding genera given in the table cannot be confounded with Opius ; of the two remaining genera, Diachasma is at once recognised by the short oval stigma, and Biosteres by the 2d cubital areolet, which is not TRANS. ENT. §0C. LOND. 1891.—PaRTI. (MARCH.) Cc 18 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of horizontally elongate, the upper side being never longer than the inner side. Diachasma and Biosteres agree in the form of the 2d cubital areolet, but differ in the stigma, which in Biosteres is elongate, like that of Opius. No other structural differences of importance appear to exist, and perhaps the separation of Diachasma and Buosteres from Optus is a needless refinement. Of the 40 species about to be described in this genus, ochrogaster, ruficeps, and testaceus, Wesm., were unknown to Haliday ; compar and zelotes are new species. Not being possessed of all the species, I have been unable to complete several of the existing descriptions, in which important characters are sometimes omitted. TABLE OF SPECIES. (42) 1. Furrow of the mesopleure smooth, im- punctate, or obsolete. (41) 2. Recurrent nervure evected; seldom in- terstitial or subinterstitial. (20) 3. Mesothorax without a punctiform im- pression before the scutellum. (17) 4. Clypeus not reaching the mandibles; mouth open. (6) 5. First abdominal sepment: smooth, with- out sculpture .. : ss (5) 6. First abdominal eae more or less rimulose or rugulose. (8) 7. Antenne 19-jointed .. oc .. 2. pendulus, Hal. (7) 8. Antenne with more than 19 joints. 12) 9. Antenne 21—28-jointed. (12) j (11) 10. Antenne 21—23-jointed, not longer than the body, evenin the g; terebra @ equal to one-half or two-thirds of the abdomen; legs stout .. .. 3. pygmeator, Nees. (10) 11. Antenne 27—28-jointed, longer than the body, inthe g; terebra ? hardly as long as the last segment of the — . lugens, Hal. abdomen ; legs slender 90 .. 4. apiculator, Nees. (9) 12. Antenne 31—34-jointed. (14) 13. Legs rufous D0 ae de .. 5. clarus, Hal. (13) 14. Legs flavo-testaceous. (16) 15. Antenne broadly testaceous at the base 6. victus, Hal. (15) 16. Antenne with only the scape pale .. 7. spretus, Hal. (4) 17. Clypeus reaching the mandibles and closing the mouth. (19) 18. Upper side of the 2d cubital areolet distinctly longer than the inner side; antenn 30-jointed .. Sic .. 8. tacitus, Hal. (18) 19 (3) 20. (24) 21 (23) 22. (22) 23 (21) 24. (34) 25. (27) 26. (26) 27 (29) 28 (28) 29 (31) 30 (30) 31 (83) 32. (82) 33 (25) 34 (36) 35. (35) 36. (38) 37 (37) 38 (40) 39. British Braconidae. 19 . Upper side of the 2d cubital areelet -hardly longer than the inner side; antenne 26-jointed .. 50 S10 Mesothorax with a punctiform im- pression just before the scutellum. . Clypeus reaching the mandibles and closing the mouth. Apex of the abdomen black or pe antenne 25—30-jointed .. 41—42-jointed a O3 a0 Clypeus not reaching the pean aibless mouth open. Abdomen entirely black or dark piceous. Second abscissa of the radius hardly longer than the Ist intercubital ner- vure; (antenne 37-jointed) longer than the 1st intercubital ner- vure. . Second cubital areolet not narrowed outwards, the upper and lower sides being parallel ae 58 ed . Second cubital areolet narrowed out- wards, the upper and lower sides not parallel. . Mesothoraciec sutures complete, though shallow; legs of the 9 very stout ; antenne 9 27-jointed 50 . Mesothoracie sutures effaced ; legs of ordinary thickness in both sexes. Recurrent nervure interstitial; an- tenn 29—34-jointed 20—24-jointed . Abdomen entirely or in great part tes- taceous ; the 1st segment black. Radial areolet ending acutely on the fore border of the wing, much before the extremity : Radial areolet cultriform, ending at or near the extremity of the wing. . Mesothoracic sutures faintly but com- pletely traced ; head of the 9 red . Mesothoracie sutures obsolete; head black in both sexes. Abdomen (after the Ist segment) wholly testaceous in the 9, black at the apex in the g; tips of hind tibie always fuscescent 9. exilis, Hal. . 10. pallidipes, Wesm. . Apex of the abdomen rufous; antenna 11. analis, Wesm. . 12. vindex, Hal. . Second abscissa of the radius distinctly 13. celsus, Hal. 14. crassipes, Wesm. . 15. sevus, Hal. . Recurrent nervure evected ; antenne 16. instabilis, Weam. . 17. ochrogaster, Wesm. 18. compar, n. sp. - 19. maculipes, Wesm. 20 (39) 40. (2) 41. (1) 42. (72) 43. (47) 44. (46) 45 (45) 46. (44) 47. (49) 48. (48) 49. (61) 50. (60) 51. (53) 52. (52) 53. (55) 54. (54) 55. (57) 56. (56) 57. (59) 58. (58) 59. (51) 60. (50) 61. (63) 62. (62) 63. (65) 64. (64) 65. (67) 66. (66) 67. Rev. T. A. Marshall's Monograph of Abdomen (after the 1st segment) tes- taceous, with a fuscous band on each segment, in both sexes; hind tibie wholly testaceous ote Recurrent nervure rejected .. Furrow of the mesopleure crenate or rugose. Recurrent nervure evected. Clypeus reaching the mandibles; mouth closed. . Abdomen (after the 1st segment) rufo- testaceous; metathorax rugulose; length 1} 1. ate 50 Abdomen entirely black or piceous; metathorax smooth ; length # 1. Clypeus not reaching the mandibles; mouth open. Mesothoracic sutures effaced Mesothoracic sutures inchoate or com- plete. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. Abdomen wholly black or piceous, ex- cept sometimes the base of the 2d segment, which is more or less rufo- testaceous. Radial areolet ending acutely on the fore border of the wing, much before the extremity Radial areolet cultriform, ending = or near the extremity of the wing. Antenne g only 21- ea legs dark coloured a Antenne with more ten 21 joints ; legs rufo- or flavo-testaceous. Legs rufo-testaceous Legs flavo-testaceous. Length 1 line; (antenne 9 27-jointed) 28. Length 14 line; (antenne o 37—38- jointed) : Abdomen (after the Ist soqeons ioe taceous, the hind borders of the segments fuscescent 5 : Mesothoracic sutures complete. Head rufous... o8 56 Head black. Scutellum rugulose .. Scutellum smooth. Humeral angles of the mesothorax truncated Of 2 Humeral angles of the pvt liorax rounded as usual. . 20 . 21. . 23. 24. . 25. . 26. 5) tle o CRE . 30. . 31. -. 32. . 33. . cingulatus, Wesm. irregularis, Wesm. 22. leptostigmus, Wesm. parvulus, Wesm. docilis, Hal. nitidulator, Nees. éthiops, Hal. pactus, Hal. emulus, Hal. zelotes, n. sp. polyzonius, Wesm. ruficeps, Wesm. bajulus, Hal. truncatus, Wesm. British Braconide. Q1 (69) 68. Face and mesothorax scabrous, dull.. 34. rudis, Wesm. (68) 69. Face and mesothorax smooth, more or less shining. (71) 70. Second abdominal segment scabrous, dull .. ar o¢ 20 .. 35. cesus, Hal. (70) 71. Second abdominal segment smooth, shining Bo oc 00 .. 36. reconditor, Wesm. (43) 72, Recurrent nervure rejected; rarely interstitial. } (74) 73. Face and thorax rugulose .. .. 37. celatus, Hal. (73) 74. Face and thorax smooth. (76) 75. Head, thorax, and abdomen testaceous; terebra as long astheabdomen .. 38. testaceus, Wesm. (75) 76. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, sometimes with a few rufous marks ; terebra subexserted. (78) 77. Orbits black; antenne 36—42-jointed ; 1st abdominal segment short, broad; 2d without a transverse channel .. 39. rwipes, Wesm. (77) 78. Orbitsrufous ; antenne 21—31-jointed ; 1st abdominal segment long, nar- row; 2d impressed with a faint transverse channel .. si -» 40. comatus, Wesm. 1. Optus lugens, Hal. Opius lugens, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 206, ?. Black, very shining. Clypeus not touching the mandibles. Antenne as long as the body, 21—238-jointed. Palpi fusco-testa- ceous. Mesothoracic sutures effaced. No punctiform impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. Metathorax quite smooth. Wings hyaline, stigma and nervures fuscous ; radial areolet ending before the extremity of the wing ; recurrent nervure evected; hind wings with a vestige of the pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs fusco-testaceous; coxe black; base of fore femora, 4 posterior femora almost entirely, hind tibie, and tips of all the tarsi, fuscous. Abdomen sub- orbicular ; 1st segment slender, narrowly obconic, entirely smooth. Male unknown. Length, $ line. According to Haliday, distinguished from apiculator (sp. 4) by the somewhat broader stigma and shorter 2d cubital areolet, attenuated towards the apex. Unknown to me, but indicated as occurring rarely in England, Ireland, and the Hebrides. 22 Rey. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of 2. Opius pendulus, Hal. O. pendulus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 205, f 2. Black ; clypeus brown, not touching the mandibles; palpi very long, testaceous, fuscous at the base. Mandibles testaceous, dilated and emarginate at the base beneath. Antenne shorter than the body, 19-jointed. Mesothoracic sutures effaced. No punctiform impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. Metathorax shining, almost smooth. Wings hyaline, squamula piceous, stigma and nervures fuscous ; recurrent nervure evected; Ist abscissa of the radius longer than in pygmeator (sp. 3), not punctiform; radial areolet smaller; 2d cubital areolet longer ; hind wings broader. Legs fusco-testaceous, with black eoxe; base of tibiz, and a lateral streak on the femora, paler; tarsi fuscous. First abdominal segment rimulose, some- what shining. Terebra as long as one-fourth ef the abdomen. Length, 1 line. Unknown to me. Fouad by Haliday very rarely in North Ireland; Walker took both sexes in the London district. 3. Optus pygmeator, Nees. Bracon pygmeator, Nees, Mon., i., 52; O. pygmeator, Hal., Hint. Mag., iv-, 205, 3 2 - O. funebris, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p- 124, d¢. Blaek, shining. Face faintly carinated; clypeus not quite touching the mandibles, separated from the face by a semicircular line ending on either side in a punctiform impression, black with the apex pale, seldom entirely black; mandibles testaceous, broadly dilated and almost always sinuated at the base; palpi blackish. Antenne black, as long as the body, filiform, 21—23-jointed. Thorax smooth and shining; sutures of the mesothorax effaced. No punctiform impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. Wings dull hyaline; nervures brownish; stigma testaceous, elongate, narrow, attenuated at both ends, emitting the radius at one-fourth of its length from the base; 1st abscissa punctiform ; 2d not quite twice as long as the 1st intercubital nervure, which is twice as long as the 2d inter- cubital nervure; this last is colourless and subobsolete; radial areolet almost reaching the tip of the wing; recurrent nervure evected. Legs stouter than in apiculator (sp. 4), pale piceous, coxe black, Ist joint of the trochanters obscure ; femora dusky on British Braconide. 23 their upper edge, the 4 posterior often almost entirely dark; tibie more or less dusky towards the apex; tarsi dark, with the ends of the articulations paler. Abdomen @ depressed, ovate; of the J, narrower ; Ist segment obconic, with a basal fovea, the lateral edges of which are cariniform; generally somewhat rugulose in the middle and posteriorly. Terebra as long as 3 or 3 of the abdo- men. ¢ 2. Length, 1; wings, 2 lines. Common. Wesmael described O. funebris from 14 females and 3 males taken near Brussels. He expresses a doubt whether it is the pyqmeator of Nees, but the reasons for this uncertainty are very trivial, and Halli- day has not hesitated to unite the two. Another diffi- culty seems to be the colour of the stigma, described as dark (noirdtre) by Wesmael, while, according to Nees, and in all the English specimens, it is very pale fuscous, or testaceous. The ? is remarkable in this genus for the length of the terebra; the g# can only be dis- tinguished from that of apiculator by its stouter legs and shorter antenne. 4. Opius apiculator, Nees. Bracon apiculator, Nees, Mon., i., 56; O. apiculator, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 206, 3 2. Black ; mouth and palpi testaceous. Clypeus not touching the mandibles. Antenne slender, filiform, as long as the body in the ?, longer in the $, 27—28-jointed, black, the 3 first joints often more or less rufous. Mesothoracic sutures obsolete. No puncti- form impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure with an im- punctate furrow. Metathorax almost smooth. Wings ample, much longer than the body, hyaline; nervures fuscous; stigma narrow, elongate, piceo-testaceous, emitting the radius at about }+ of its length; 1st abscissa short but distinct; 2d one-half longer than the 1st intercubital nervure ; 8d somewhat curved, reaching the margin of the wing very near its extremity ; recurrent nervure evected. Legs rufo-testaceous; base of hind coxe and apex of their tibia fuscescent. Abdomen ovate; 1st segment rimulose, black, somewhat piceous at the sides; 2d with two oblique impressions indicating the gastroceeli. Terebra hardly as long as the last seg- ment. ¢ ?. Length,3; wings, 2 lines. Var. 1. Base of the 2d abdominal segment pale. Var. 2. Hind coxe and femora fuscous above. Var. 3. Scape of antennez, and legs entirely, testaceous. Hali- day. 24 Rey. T. A. Marshall's Monograph of Generally distributed, and common in woods, both in England and Ireland. O. levis and exiquus, Wesm., were supposed by Haliday to be identical with this species ; they have, however, the 1st abdominal segment smooth, not rimulose, and in that respect resemble rather O. lugens, Hal. (sp. 1). Iam not able, from the want of specimens, to clear up the doubts attending these little-known insects. O. apiculator, Nees, differs from lugens, Hal., in having the 1st segment finely rimulose, though still rather shining. 5. Opius clarus, Hal. O. clarus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 206, ?. Black; base of 2d abdominal segment rufous. Clypeus and mandibles rufous, the latter emarginate beneath at the base, and not touching the clypeus. Antenne 34-jointed, longer than the body ; scape rufous. Mesothoracie sutures obsolete. No puncti- form impression before the scutellum. Mesopleurze with an im- punctate furrow. Metathorax smooth in the middle, rugulose on the sides. Furrow of the mesopleure impunctate. Wings hyaline ; squamula rufous ; nervures fuscous; stigma paler fuscous, narrow, linear, lanceolate, emitting the radius before 4 of its length; radial areolet nearly reaching the extremity of the wing; 2d cubital areolet very little narrowed outwards; recurrent nervure evected. Hind wings with a vestige of the pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs rufous; fore coxe testaceous. First abdominal segment oblong, rugulose; 2d segment rufous, determinately black at the apex; the following segments black. Terebra subexserted. Male unknown. Length, 1 line. I have not met with any Opius which can be referred with certainty to this species, which is not sufficiently distinguished from spretus (sp. 7) ; in fact, no distinctive character is pointed out except the uncertain difference between rufous and flavo-testaceous. The locality also is omitted. 6. Opius victus, Hal. O. victus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 207, 2. Black; mandibles and clypeus testaceous ; clypeus not reaching the mandibles ; palpielongate, very pale ; face obsoletely carinated. Antenne one-half longer than the body, 31—34-jointed, fuscous, broadly testaceous at the base. No punctiform impression before British Braconidae. 25 the scutellum. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. Meta- thorax punctate-rugulose, somewhat shining. Wings elongate, hyaline; squamula testaceous ; nervures and stigma fuscous, the latter very narrow, linear, emitting the radius near its base ; radial areolet reaching the extremity of the wing; 2d cubital areolet elongate, not at all attenuated outwards, equal in length to the 3d; recurrent nervure evected; podiscoidal areolet closed. Pobrachial transverse nervure of the hind wings inchoate. Legs flavo-testa- ceous; hind tibiew fuscous at the apex, their tarsi fuscous, the articulations annulated with paler colour. First abdominal seg- ment punctate-rugulose, black, somewhat shining, sublinear; 2d fusco-testaceous, with a fovea on each side at the base. Terebra exserted, very short. Male unknown. Length, 3—1 line. This species 1s compared to analis, Wesm. (sp. 11), but differs in having no punctiform impression before the scutellum, the clypeus does not reach the mandibles, the radius originates nearer to the base of the stigma, the 1st abscissa is shorter, and the 2d cubital areolet much longer. Unknown to me; taken by Haliday very rarely, in autumn, on the banks of the Shannon. 7. Optus spretus, Hal. O. spretus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 207, 3 2. Black; base of the 2d abdominal segment testaceous. Form, sculpture, and neuration of wings the same as in O. clarus (sp. 5), only the colours somewhat different. Clypeus and mandibles testaceous; clypeus not reaching the mandibles; palpi more yellowish. Antenne 31—34-jointed, the scape testaceous. Meso- thoracic sutures effaced. No punctiform impression before the scutellum. Furrow of the mesopleure impunctate. Legs flavo- testaceous; apex of hind tibie obscure, as well as their tarsi. Second abdominal segment dull testaceous at the base, with an obsolete fovea on each side; fuscous at the apex; belly pale. Terebra subexserted. $2. Length, 1 line. Taken by Haliday in North Ireland at the beginning of October, also on the banks of the Shannon; Walker found the g in England. The only difference between this and O. clarus (sp. 5) seems to consist in the colour of the legs, palpi, &c., which in the former species are flavo-testaceous, and in the latter rufous. I have two females taken respectively at Nunton, Wilts, and Bishop’s Teignton, Devon, the legs of which are more yellow than 26 Rev. T. A. Marshall's Monograph of red, and hence I am inclined to refer them to the present species, rather than to O. clarus. 3. Opius tacitus, Hal. O. tacitus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 207, 3. Black; base of the 2d abdominal segment rufous. Face sub- carinated; clypeus reaching the mandibles; both testaceous. Antenne about one-half longer than the body, 30-jointed, broadly rufo-testaceous towards the base. Mesothoracic sutures effaced. No punctiform impression before the scutellum. Furrow of the mesopleure impunctate. Metathorax rugulose. Wings hyaline ; squamula testaceous ; nervures fuscous; stigma fusco-testaceous, linear-lanceolate ; 2d cubital areolet attenuated outwards; recur- rent nervure evected. Pobrachial transverse nervure of the hind wings inchoate. Legs testaceous. First abdominal segment rugu- lose. Length, 1 line. ? Var.1, 9. Smaller; base of antenne fuscous, only the scape testaceous. Stigma narrower. Legs very pale testaceous. Second abdominal segment fuscous; terebra briefly exserted. Length, 3 line. Originally mixed up by Haliday with victus or spretus (spp. 6, 7); from the latter it differs in having the joints of the antenne longer, and the 2d cubital areolet shorter. Compare Bracon circulator and orbiculator, Nees, Mon., i, 54, 55, the descriptions of which apply equally to several species of Opius. I have not seen O tacitus, which, according to Haliday, is very rare in North Ireland; a single specimen was taken by Walker in the London district. 9. Opus exilis, Hal. O. extlis, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 208, °. Similar to O. tacztus (sp. 8) and O. parvulus (sp. 23). Black; 2d abdominal segment rufo-piceous. Mouth testaceous; clypeus reaching the mandibles. Antenne hardly longer than the body, 26-jointed ; scape testaceous. Mesothoracic sutures effaced. No punctiform impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. Metathorax shining only in the middle of the base. Second cubital areolet short, attenuated outwards, its upper side scarcely longer than the inner; recurrent nervure evected. Legs testaceous, base of hind cox, and apex of all the tarsi, fuscous. Male unknown. Length, $ line. British Braconide. 27 Haliday says no more of this species, which, like several others, can hardly be recognised by the descrip- tion. It differs from the preceding in having fewer joints in the antenne, and from O. parvulus by the im- punctate furrow of the mesopleure. 10. Opius pallidipes, Wesm. O. pallidipes, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1836, p-. 118, ¢ 9; pl. ii., fig. 6 (wing); Hal., Ent. -Mag., iv., 208; Ratz., Ichn. d. Forst., i1., 62, pl. i., fig. 81 (wing). Black ; mouth testaceous; 2d or 3d abdominal segment some- times rufo-piceous. Face with a distinct shining carina, which reaches the base of the antenne. Clypeus straight on its lower edge, touching the mandibles, black with the extremity testaceous ; seldom wholly pale. Mandibles testaceous, much dilated at the base, which is often emarginate beneath. Palpi testaceous. Antenne longer than the body, 25—80-jointed; 1st joint and extremity of the 2d testaceous, the lst sometimes black beneath ; joints 2—4 sometimes rufescent beneath, or the under side of all the joints paler than the upper. Mesothorax smooth and shining, its sutures effaced. A punctiform impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. Metathorax finely rugu- lose, especially towards the extremity. Wings hyaline; radial areolet almost reaching the extremity ; stigma very narrow, elon- gate, dull testaceous; recurrent nervure evected. Legs testaceous. Abdomen of the ? short and broad, more elongate in the $3 Ist segment short, narrow, its posterior half usually rugulose. Terebra hardly as long as the last segment. Length, ?—1 line. Var. 1. Second abdominal segment partly or wholly dull testa- ceous. Wesmael compares this var. to Bracon orbiculator, Nees, which differs only in having the terebra as long as the two last abdominal segments. Ratzeburg’s specimen (J.c.) belonged to this var. Var. 2. Third abdominal segment rufo-piceous. This species, which I have not met with, forms the genus Hypolabis, Forster. Wesmael’s description was made from 15 females and 5 males, taken near Brussels from May to September; Walker captured a $ in the London district, having the base of the antennz broadly rufescent. Goureau (Bull. dela Soc. des Sciences hist. et nat. de l’Yonne, 1863, p. 66 of the separate impression) 28 Rey. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of refers to O. pallidipes, Wesm., a parasite which he reared from Tephritis onopordinis, Fall.; but the description of the parasite is not technical enough to lead to its veri- fication. The nervures and stigma are described as blackish, and the recurrent nervure as interstitial,— characters not applicable to the present species. We are informed by Ratzeburg (l.c.) that Bouché bred O. pallidipes from Tortriz rosana, L.; while, according to Boie, it was also bred by Bouché from a dipteron named by the latter Anthomyia rumicis, perhaps a Pegomyia, but which can hardly now be identified. 11. Opius analis, Wesm. O. analis, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 180; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 208, 2°. Black; apex of the abdomen rufous. Face carinated; clypeus testaceous at the extremity, touching the mandibles, which are also testaceous; palpivery pale. Antenne about twice as long as the body, 41—42-jointed; scape testaceous. Mesothorax smooth and shining, its sutures effaced. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. <A punctiform impression before the scutellum. Meta- thorax finely rugulose. Wings ample, much longer than the body, faintly infumated ; nervures fuscous, more or less pale; stigma fusco-testaceous, elongate, lanceolate, emitting the radius at } of its length ; 1st abscissa as long as the width of the stigma; 2d not much longer than the 1st intercubital nervure; 3d curved; 2d intercubital nervure more or less obsolete, as also are the cubital and anal nervures towards their extremities; recurrent nervure evected ; podiscoidal areolet completely closed. Legs elongate, slender, testaceous ; tips of hind tibie, together with the hind tarsi, fuscescent. Abdomen elongate-ovate, apiculated posteriorly ; 1st segment longitudinally rugulose, black; the second and following somewhat piceous, usually passing into rufous towards the anus. Terebra subexserted. Male unknown. lLength, 14; wings, 3} line. Originally described by Wesmael froma 2 with broken antenne ; Haliday possessed only two specimens from North Ireland and England. I have taken 5 in Essex, Monmouthshire, and Cornwall. The species is more easily identified than most of the preceding: it is strange that Wesmael should compare it with his O. maculipes and ochrogaster (spp. 19, 17), both of which are obviously different in structure, colour, and size. British Braconide. 29 12. Opius vindex, Hal. O. vindex, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 210, 3. Black; mouth testaceous; mandibles emarginate at the base beneath; clypeus not touching the mandibles. Antenne 37- jointed, one-half longer than the body; scape testaceous. Meso- thorax (pierced with a pin, so that the place of the species cannot be determined). Mesopleurze with an impunctate furrow. Meta- thorax rugulose, smooth in the middle. Second cubital areolet very short, 7. e., 2d abscissa of the radius hardly longer than the Ist intercubital nervure ; recurrent nervure evected. Legs testaceous. Female unknown. Length, 13 line. Taken once by Haliday in North Ireland. Resembles the 3 of O. sevus (sp. 15), but appears to be distinct. It is not likely to be recognised from the above short description. 13. Opius celsus, Hal. O. celsus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 209, 3. Black ; antenne much longer than the body, 33—36-jointed ; joints 1—2 rufo-piceous; base of 3d joint testaceous. Clypeus touching the mandibles. Mesothoracic sutures effaced. A puncti- form impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure with an im- punctate furrow. Metathorax rugulose. Wings ample, much longer than the body, greyish subhyaline ; squamula testaceous ; nervures and stigma fuscous ; the latter emitting the radius before 1 of its length ; recurrent nervure evected ; radius slightly curved ; 2d cubital areolet not attenuated outwards; 1st abscissa very oblique, about twice as long as broad ; podiscoidal areolet open at the extremity; neuration of the hind wings distinct. Legs flavo- testaceous ; tips of the tarsi infuscated; sometimes a fuscous spot at the base of the hind coxez. Abdomen thinly beset with long pale hairs; oval in the g, circular in the 9; Ist segment finely rugulose. Terebra subexserted. ¢g 9. Length, 1—14; wings, 22—31 lines. The ¢ much resembles that of O. sevus (sp. 15), except that the upper and lower sides of the 2d cubital areolet are nearly parallel. Im the 3 of O. cingulatus, Wesm. (sp. 20), the radial areolet and stigma are broader, and the sculpture of the metathorax and 1st abdominal segment coarser. Haliday omits the locality of this species, but I captured several in a wood near Nunton, Wilts, including the ?, which does not differ materially from the other sex. 30 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of 14. Opius crassipes, Wesm. O. crassipes, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p- 127; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 209, 2. Black ; mandibles testaceous in the middle, emarginate beneath at the base ; palpi blackish. Face distinctly carinated; clypeus not reaching the mandibles, rounded at the extremity. Antenne entirely black, 27-jointed, as long as the body. Mesothoracic sutures complete, shallow, ending in a punctiform impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. Metathorax finely rugulose. Wings ample, much longer than the body, hyaline, stigma and nervures pale fuscous; stigma elliptic, shorter and thicker than in instabilis, pygmeator, and apiculator (spp. 16, 8, 4), emitting the radius just before the middle; radial areolet ending at some distance from the extremity of the wing ; radius slightly curved; recurrent nervure conspicuously evected ; 1st abscissa of the radius very short, nearly as broad as long. Legs unusually stout, testaceous ; cox, Ist joint of trochanters, base of femora, as well as their upper and sometimes their lower edges, blackish ; tarsi and tips of hind tibize fuscescent. Abdomen short, convex; Ist segment finely rugulose. Terebra as long as + of the abdomen. Male unknown. Length, 1; wings, 23 lines. Taken by Wesmael once only near Brussels: that author adds that he possessed a ¢ corresponding in all respects, except that the legs were more slender, whence he was led to doubt whether it belonged to the species ; analogy, however, tends to show that the slenderness of the legs is lhkely to be merely a sexual distinction. Haliday found two females in North Ireland, and I have four, captured at Niton, in the I. of Wight, and in the London district. This species constitutes Forster’s genus Hypocynodus. 15. Opius sevus, Hal. O. sevus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 209, 3 2. Black; clypeus and mandibles testaceous, the former not touching the latter. Mandibles not emarginate at the base. Antenne longer than the body, black with the scape testaceous, 29-jointed in the 2, 83—-84-jointed inthe g. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. A punctiform impression before the scutellum. Metathorax rugulose. Wings hyaline; squamula testaceous; stigma and nervures fuscous; stigma much attenuated, linear- lanceolate, emitting the radius before 4 of its length; radial areolet British Braconide. 81 reaching the extremity of the wing; 2d cubital areolet moderately long, scarcely attenuated outwards; recurrent nervure subinter- stitial. Pobrachial transverse nervure of the hind wings distinct. Legs testaceous. First abdominal segment stout, rugulose, with two basal carine. Terebra not exserted. This species is larger than instabilis (sp. 16), with longer antenne, much more ample wings, a longer radial areolet, and the recurrent nervure differently inserted. Length, 1}; wings, 8} lines. Both sexes taken by Haliday in the Hebrides in August ; a 2 in Devonshire by Walker. 16. Opius instabilis, Wesm. O. instabilis, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 126; Hal., Hint. Mag., iv., 209, ¢ 9. @. Black, abdomen more or less piceous, the 2d segment some- times paler above. Face faintly carinated; clypeus and mandibles testaceous ; clypeus raised, not closing the mouth; mandibles much dilated at the base; palpi testaceous. Antenne as long as the body, 20-jointed (in the ? specimens), submoniliform towards the apex. Mesothoracic sutures indicated in front by two small humeral fovee. A punctiform impression before the scutellum. Mesopleuree with an impunctate furrow. Metathorax smooth, shining. Wings hyaline, somewhat whitish; nervures and stigma fusco-testaceous ; stigma about six times as long as its greatest width, emitting the radius at + of its length; 1st abscissa as long as half the thickness of the stigma; 2d abscissa almost twice as long as the 1st intercubital nervure ; 3d abscissa straight, ending at some distance from the extremity of the wing; recurrent nervure conspicuously evected, so that the 2d cubital areolet becomes pentagonal. Legs testaceous ; hind coxe blackish, with the inner side testaceous ; middle of hind femora, tips of their tibie, and their tarsi, fuscescent. Abdomen depressed; 1st segment slightly rugu- lose. Terebra somewhat longer than a quarter of the abdomen. 3. Antenne 22—24-jointed, joints 1—8 testaceous beneath, 3d joint and base of 2d testaceous above. Lower part of face, and cheeks, testaceous. Legs testaceous; hind coxe sometimes obscure at the apex. Length, 1; wings, 2+ lines. ? Var.1. Antenne entirely black, 25-jointed 2, 27-jointed 3. Clypeus black at the base ; lower portion of the cheeks testaceous, more or less obscure. Four posterior coxe blackish above. Wesmael. Both sexes may be distinguished from the similar 32 Rey. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of pygmeator (sp. 8) by the punctiform impression before the scutellum, and by the insertion of the recurrent nervure. ‘Taken by Haliday sparingly in North Ireland, and by Capron at Shiere, near Guildford; to the latter I am indebted for two 2 specimens. Wesmael possessed 5 Belgian examples, 2 belonging to the variety. 17. Opius ochrogaster, Wesm. O. ochrogaster, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, pe L295) 2) pleas, fie-18) (wang): Black; abdomen, after the 1st segment, testaceous. Face dis- tinctly carinated; clypeus testaceous, reaching the mandibles and closing the mouth ; mandibles and palpi testaceous. Antenne longer than the body, 26—28-jointed, dull testaceous, fuscescent towards the apex. Mesothoracic sutures faintly indicated in front. A punctiform impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure with no visible furrow. Metathorax granulated, dull. Wings hyaline, stigma and nervures dull testaceous ; stigma forming a shorter and broader oval than in O. cingulatus and maculipes (spp. 20, 19), and emitting the radius from a point nearer the middle; but the chief distinction lies in the direction of the radius—this makes a blunt angle at the 2d intercubital nervure, hardly greater than a right angle, and proceeds thence to the margin far from the extremity, and rather on the upper side of the wing; 2d cubital areolet short, attenuated outwards; podiscoidal areolet open at the extremity; recurrent nervure evected. Legs testaceous. First abdominal segment black, longitudinally rugulose; the following segments in the ? testaceous, in the g the 3d and following seg- ments are broadly fuscescent on the hind margin. Terebra sub- exserted. Length, 1—14; wings, 3—3} lines. I have met with both sexes of this species at Milford Haven and in Leicestershire ; it was not known to Hali- day, and Wesmael described it from a single Belgian specimen. Itis easily mistaken for maculipes or cingu- latus, but can be distingulshed by the wings ; compare O. nitidulator (sp. 25), in which the radius takes the same direction. 18. Opius compar, n. sp. Testaceus, mesothorace, metathorace, et abdominis segmento 1mo nigris. Caput crassiusculum, facie non carinata. Clypeus valde transversus, antice rectus, mandibulas apice nigras modo non British Braconide. 33 attingens. Palpi pallidi. Antenne femine corpore longiores, 26- articulate, articulo Tmo et sequentibus fuscis, 3tio quam 4tus paulo longiore. Mesopleure sulco lato, impunctato. Mesothoracis sulculi tenuissimi at completi, foveolam versus punctiformem pre scutello conniventes. Thorax undique niger; metathorax rufo- piceo tinctus, nonnihil rugulosus, basin versus leviusculus. Ale hyaline; areola radialis ad apicem usque producta; stigma una cum nervis, sordide testaceum, elongatum, radium ante trientem longitudinis sue emittens; areola cubitalis 2da elongata, extus angustata; areola podiscoidalis subaperta; nervus recurrens longius evectus. Pedes testacei, pallidi, unguiculis fuscis. Abdo- men ovale, convexum, testaceum, apicem versus gradatim ob- scurlus, apice ipso fere nigro; segmentum lum breve, nigrum, basi ipsa testacea, rugulosum, ubique equilatum, tuberculis paulo pone medium prominentibus; cetera levia, nitida. Terebra segmentis duobus ultimis longitudine equalis. Mas incognitus. Testaceous, meso- and metathorax, together with the 1st abdo- minal segment, black. Head large; face not carinated. Clypeus very transverse, straight on its lower edge, not quite reaching the mandibles, which are black at the points. Palpi pale. Antenne @ longer than the body, 26-jointed, the 7th and following joints fuscous; 3d joint somewhat longer than the 4th. Prothorax testa- ceous. Mesopleurze with a broad impunctate furrow. Meso- thoracic sutures faintly traced, complete, ending in a punctiform fovea before the scutellum. Metathorax inclining to rufo-piceous, subrugulose, smoother towards the base. Wings hyaline; radial areolet reaching the extremity; stigma and nervures dull testa- ceous ; stigma elongate, emitting the radius before } of its length; 2d cubital areolet elongate, attenuated outwards; podiscoidal areolet incompletely closed; recurrent nervure conspicuously evected. Legs pale testaceous. only the claws dusky. Abdomen ovate, convex, testaceous, gradually infuscated towards the apex, which is nearly black ; 1st segment short, black, testaceous at the extreme base, rugulose, of equal width throughout, with visible tubercles just beyond the middle; the other segments smooth and shining. Terebra as long as the two last segments. Male not known. @. Length, 3; wings, 2+ lines. Smaller than O. cingulatus and maculipes (spp. 20, 19), and distinguished by the large testaceous head, the visible mesothoracic sutures, &c. I captured the only specimen near Nunton, Wilts. TRANS. ENT. SoC. LOND. 1891.—ParT I. (MARCH.) D 34 Rey. T. A. Marshall's Monograph of 19. Opius maculipes, Wesm. O. maculipes, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. £28; Hall Bint Mace ive Ones Se. Black; abdomen @ testaceous, except the 1st sezment; in the gf testaceous, with the apex blackish. Face distinctly carinateds clypeus sometimes black at the base, rather widely separated from the mandibles, which are dilated at the base, and gradually diminish to the points. Palpi testaceous. Antenne longer than the body, 83—385-jointed, under side of the Ist joint and extremity of the 2d more or less rufo-testaceous. Mesothoracic sutures effaced. Mesopleurze with an impunctate furrow. A punctiform impression before the scutellum. Metathorax finely granulated, dull. Wings hyaline; neryures and stigma fusco-testaceous ; stigma elongate-oval, emitting the radius before the middle; 1st abscissa very short, almost punctiform; 8d slightly curved; 2d cubital areolet attenuated outwards; recurrent nervure evected. Legs testaceous, tips of the hind tibie fuscescent. Abdomen elongate-oval; 1st segment black, rugulose, smoother at the base ; the following segments testaceous ; in the g the 3 apical segments are blackish. Terebra subexserted. Length, 3—14; wings, 14—3}. Distinguished from O. cingulatus (sp. 20) by the fuscescent tips of the hind tibize, and the absence of dark margins to the intermediate segments; the 2d cubital areolet is not so much narrowed outwards, and the abdomen is longer and narrower ; also the podiscoidal areolet is generally more completely closed, the trans- verse nervures reaching the bottom, which is hardly the case in O. cinygulatus. Hence Forster established a new genus Nosopea for the latter species ; but the character employed for distinction is often inappreciable, or even reversed, in the two species. O. maculipes is one of the commonest in the genus; Wesmael described it from 6 females and 5 males taken in May and June near Brussels. Haliday found a pair on a willow in North Ireland in May, anda @ in August near the Shannon ; his specimens were smaller than cingulatus, ranging from $to 1 line, while the Belgian specimens are de- scribed as larger; Walker’s specimen, taken in England, was the smallest of all. I possess 8 from different parts of the country, and Dr. Reinhard sent me one from Dresden. British Braconide. 35 - 20. Opius cingulatus, Wesm. O. cingulatus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 120; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 210, 2 °. Black; 1st abdominal segment black, the rest testaceous with dusky margins. Face faintly carinated; cheeks often testaceous beneath ; clypeus short, somewhat raised, not touching the man- dibles ; both testaceous; palpi very pale. Antenne longer than the body, 25—85-jointed, black, the 1st joint and end of the 2d testaceous, or the 3 first joints, or more, testaceous; 3d joint more or less elongate. Mesothoracic sutures effaced. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. A punctiform impression before the seutellum. Metathorax subrugulose, dull, often more or less levigated towards the base. Wings hyaline; nervures and stigma fusco-testaceous; radial areolet reaching the extremity; stigma elongate, emitting the radius before 4 of its length; 2d cubital areolet elongate, attenuated outwards; podiscoidal areolet imper- fectly closed; recurrent nervure evected. Legs testaceous; tips of hind tibize not fuscescent, asin the preceding sp. First abdominal segment black, short, usually rugulose towards the apex; the following segments smooth, shining, testaceous, each having a transverse dusky band before the hind margin. Terebra not longer than the last segment. Length, 14; wings, 3 lines. Var. 1. The dusky bands on the abdomen widened and coalescing, so that only the 2d segment, or part of it, remains testaceous. A common species, and difficult to separate from the preceding; see remarks on that species, ante. Never- theless it constitutes by itself the genus Nosopea of Forster. Wesmael’s description is taken from 14 Belgian specimens. 21. Opius irregularis, Wesm. O. irregularis, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, jOo Use Iells Idrotes Wie vee. ay, PAIL. Gi oe 6 Black; 2d abdominal segment rufo-piceous. Face hardly cari- nated; clypeus somewhat convex, not touching the mandibles, black with the lower edge sometimes testaceous. Mandibles and palpi testaceous. Antenne longer than the body, 24—26-jointed, black, with the 1st joint, extremity of the 2d, and sometimes base of the 3d, testaceous. Mesothoracie sutures effaced. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. A punctiform impression before the scutellum. Metathorax rugulose. Wings hyaline; nervures and D 2 36 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of stigma dull testaceous; radial areolet reaching the extremity ; stigma narrow, elongate, emitting the radius at } of its length; 2d cubital areolet elongate, narrow, attenuated outwards; recurrent nervure rejected to a point near the extremity of the 1st cubital areolet, sometimes subinterstitial; podiscoidal areolet open at the extremity. First abdominal segment black, narrow, rugulose; the other segments form, in both sexes, a broad oval, almost circular ; 2d segment more or less piceous, sometimes almost black, faintly rugulose on each side at the base; the remaining segments black. Terebra as long as the apical segment. Length, }; wings, 23 lines. Not uncommon in England and Ireland. Described by Wesmael from 6 Belgian specimens. This species forms the genus Allotypus of Forster. 22. Opius leptostigmus, Wesm. O. leptostigmus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, D- 38i Ealsrmt. Mage iv) 2iie or Black; abdomen, after the 1st segment, rufo-testaceous. Face not carinated ; clypeus testaceous at the extremity, which is some- what rounded, and touches the mandibles, closing the mouth. Mandibles testaceous, deeply emarginate beneath. Palpi pale. Antenne longer than the body, black with the 1st joint testaceous. Furrow of the mesopleure elongate, deeply crenate. Metathorax rugulose. Wings hyaline; radial areolet very long, reaching the extremity of the wing; 1st abscissa elongate, equalling at least the width of the 2d cubital areolet, which is narrower than in other species ; stigma dull testaceous, linear, much elongated, emitting the radius somewhat before } of its length; podiscoidal areolet completely closed; recurrent nervure evected. Legs testaceous. Abdomen oblong, 1st segment forming about } of its length, widened gradually from the base to the extremity, longitudinally rugulose. Terebra slightly exserted. Male unknown. Length, 14 hne. Unknown to me; Wesmael possessed only one speci- men, taken near Brussels; and Haliday another, at first confused with O. cingulatus ; hence its locality was not recorded. 23. Opius parvulus, Wesm. O. parvulus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 139; Hal., Ent: Mag., iv., 211, 9 ¢. Black or piceous ; 2d abdominal segment sometimes rufescent British Braconidae. 37 ‘at the base. Face faintly carinated; clypeus black, not raised or emarginate, but closing the mouth; mandibles and palpi testaceous, the former not emarginate beneath. ¢@. Antenne black, longer than the body, 21-jointed; 1st joint more or less rufous beneath. Mesothoracic sutures effaced. No punctiform impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure impressed with an oval furrow having 4 or 5 striz or crenations at the bottom. Metathorax smooth. Wings hyaline; radial areolet reaching the extremity; stigma and nervures fuscous, more or less pale; stigma elongate, atten- uated; 2d cubital areolet much narrowed outwards; recurrent nervure evected. Legs testaceous or rufous; 4 posterior cox blackish above; tips of hind tibie, and their tarsi, darkened. Abdomen short-oval, black, or piceous; Ist segment in the 2 almost smooth. Terebra somewhat longer than the apical segment. The ¢ differs in some respects; antenne 22-jointed, 1st, 2d, and often base of 3d joint testaceous ; clypeus testaceous, as well as the lower part of the face and cheeks; 1st abdominal segment rugulose ; only the hind coxe blackish above. Length, 3—%; wings, 13— 2+ lines. This minute species at first sight resembles an Alysiid of the genus Aspilota; it may also be mistaken for O. pygmeator, apiculator, &c. (spp. 8, 4); 1t requires a microscope for its determination. I possess a 2? speci- men taken in Leicestershire ; Haliday seems to have had a greater number, and Wesmael speaks of 7 taken near Brussels. This species forms the genus Desmiostoma of Forster. 24. Opius docilis, Hal. O. docilis, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 211, 3. Black; base of the Ist abdominal segment piceous, and of the 2d testaceous ; apex of cheeks, prothorax, and lateral sutures of the mesothorax, rufo-piceous. Face carinated ; clypeus and mandibles testaceous, the latter emarginate at the base beneath ; clypeus not touching the mandibles. Antenne longer than the body, 31- jointed, black with the scape testaceous. Mesothoracic sutures effaced. No punctiform impression before the scutellum. Meso- pleure with a rugose furrow. Metathorax rugulose. Wings hyaline ; stigma and nervures fuscous; stigma broader than that of O. pactus (sp. 27), narrowly triangular; 1st abscissa of the radius effaced by the stigma; 2d cubital areolet longer than in sp. 27, very little attenuated outwards; podiscoidal areolet closed ; recurrent nervure evected; nopobrachial transverse nervure in the 38 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of hind wings. Legs testaceous. First abdominal segment rugulose. Female unknown. Length, nearly 1 line. Unknown to me; taken once only by Haliday on the banks of the Shannon, in autumn. 25. Opius nitidulator, Nees. (Pl. IL., fig. 5, wing). Bracon nitidulator, Nees, Mon., i1., 56; O. nitidulator, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 213, 3. Variable ; black, diversified withrufous. @. Headrufous, with a large black spot covering the occiput and extending over the vertex to the base of the antenne. Mandibles emarginate at the base, fuscous at the points. Clypeus not reaching the mandibles. Palpi dull rufous. Antenne as long as the body, 28-jointed, fili- form, black, scape and base of 1st joint of flagellum rufous. Pro- thorax black beneath, rufous above. Mesothorax smooth and shining, rufous, with large oblong black spots on the 3 lobes, whereof the middle one is abbreviated posteriorly. Mesothoracic sutures indicated by two humeral depressions, effaced posteriorly. Scutellum rufous, its transverse basal fovea black, crenulated. A punctiform impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure with a crenate furrow. Metathorax coarsely rugose. Wings subhyaline ; squamule testaceous; stigma and nervures fuscous; stigma elon- gate-triangular, attenuated outwards, emitting the radius before the middle; radial areolet ending acutely on the fore border of the wing, at some distance from the extremity (as in ochrogaster, sp. 17); 2d cubital areolet much attenuated outwards ; 1st abscissa of the radius as long as the 2d intercubital nervure ; recurrent nervure evected ; hind wings broad, with all the nervures distinct. Legs short, stout, rufo-testaceous ; a blackish spot at the base of the hind cox; tarsi infuscated, except at the base. Abdomen oblong, depressed, as long and as wide as the head and thorax; 1st segment coarsely rugose, short, broad, excavated at the base; the following segments smooth, thinly beset with fine pale hairs; 2d and 8d segments dark rufous (in my specimen), with the hinder margins indeterminately black. Terebra concealed. ¢. Similar, with some slight differences :—Antenne longer, 34-jointed; clypeus black at the base, or at the hinder angles. Mesothoracie sutures indicated by 4 red Jines, of which the 2 inner ones are united posteriorly to each other, and anteriorly to the 2 lateral lines. Scutellum black. Abdomen longer and narrower than that of the 2; segments 2—3 nigro-piceous. The colours probably vary in different individuals. Length, 13—1}; wings, 3} lines. British Braconide. 89 Unknown to Wesmael; Nees v. Esenbeck and Haliday each possessed a ¢, taken by the former on a cherry- tree at Sickershausen, and by the latter among willows in North Ireland. I have captured both sexes, the ¢ in Leicestershire, the 2 at Bishop’s Teignton, in Devon- shire. Dr. Capron, I believe, has found the species at Shiere, near Guildford. This rare insect differs con- siderably from all the preceding, approaching DBiosteres and Diachasma in size and general appearance, though not in the wings. 26. Opius ethiops, Hal. O. ethiops, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 212, 3. Black; palpi short, fuscous; mandibles rufous; elypeus not reaching the mandibles. Antenne black, as long as the body, 21- jointed. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. Meso- pleurz with a crenate furrow. A punctiform impression before the scutellum. Metathorax rugulose, smooth and shining in the middle. Wings hyaline; stigma and nervures fuscous; stigma narrow, almost linear; radial areolet ending before the extremity of the wing; 2d cubital areolet elongate, hardly attenuated out- wards; podiscoidal areolet imperfectly closed; recurrent nervure evected ; pobrachial transverse nervure of the hind wings inchoate. Legs piceous, base of all the tibie, and apex of the fore femora, paler. First abdominal segment sublinear, punctulate; the fol- lowing segments smooth. Female unknown. Length, 4 line. Unknown to me. No locality is given by Haliday. Similar at first sight to the g of pygmeator (sp. 3), but different in sculpture, having more transparent wings, a smaller radial areolet, and a longer 2d cubital. 27. Opius pactus, Hal. O. pactus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 212, 9. Black ; base of 2d abdominal segment rufo-testaceous. Mandibles rufo-testaceous. Clypeus not reaching the mandibles. Antenne rather longer than the body, 29-jointed, black, the scape rufo- testaceous. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. Mesopleure with a crenate furrow. A punctiform impression before the scutellum. Metathorax dull, rugose. Wings like those of spretus (sp. 7), but broader, and having the 2d cubital areolet less attenuated outwards; stigma narrow, linear-lanceolate; 1st abscissa of the radius very short, but distinct ; recurrent nervure 40 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of evected. No pobrachial transverse nervure in the hind wings. Legs rufo-testaceous. First abdominal segment rugose, dull, with 2 basal carine. Terebra subexserted. Male unknown. Length, 1 line. No habitat given. The description is probably in- sufficient to identify the species. 28. Opius emulus, Hal. O. emulus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 212, 2. Black; base of the 2d abdominal segment testaceous, the following segments fuscous. Clypeus and mandibles testaceous, the former narrowly separated from the latter. Antenne slender, longer than the body, 27-jointed, testaceous, fuscous towards the apex; the joints elongate, as in pallidipes (sp. 10). Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. A punctiform impression before the scutellum, Mesopleurz with a narrow furrow, crenulate at the bottom. Metathorax minutely rugulose. Wings hyaline ; radial areolet almost reaching the extremity ; stigma very narrow, elongate, dull testaceous; recurrent nervure evected. Legs flavo- testaceous. First abdominal segment linear, rugulose. Terebra almost as long as } of the abdomen, perhaps accidentally pro- truded. Male unknown. Length, 1 line. This species, now unknown, is compared by Haliday to pallidipes, from which it differs chiefly by the oral aperture, and the crenulate furrow of the mesopleure. Only one specimen occurred, the locality of which is not given. Compare the following species. 29. Opius zelotes, n. sp. 3. Niger, nitidus, abdominis segmento 2do interdum basi supra picescente; orbitis et genarum apice nonnunguam rufis. Facies subtiliter punctulata, vix nitida, convexa, non carinata; clypeus brevis, transversus, elevatus, a mandibulis longius distans ; clypeus cum mandibulis testaceus ; he apice nigre ; palpi testacei. Antennse corpore multo longiores, 387—88-articulate, nigra, scapo sordide rufo. Mesothoracis suleuli inchoati, posterius deleti. Foveola oviformis pre scutello. Mesopleure sulco lato irregu- lariter crenato impresse. Metathorax rugulosus basi leviuscula. Ale hyaline stigmate, nervis, fuscis, squamula testacea; stigma elongatum, triquetrum, radium e dimidio priore emittens; areola radialis usque ad apicem alse extensa; abscissa 3tia curvata ; areola cubitalis 2da extus perparum attenuata; nervus recurrens British Braconide. 41 evectus; areola podiscoidalis occlusa. Alarum inferiorum nervus transversus pobrachialis omnino nullus. Pedes flavidi, tarsorum articulo ultimo obscuro. Abdomen ovale, segmento Imo ruguloso, brevi, lineari, bicarinato, tubereulis conspicuis; segmenta cetera levissima. Femina latet. 3. Black, smooth and shining, 2d abdominal segment some- times slightly piceous at the base; orbits and apex of cheeks occa- sionally rufous. Face minutely punctulate, hardly shining, convex, not carinated; clypeus short, transverse, elevated, not nearly touching the mandibles ; clypeus and mandibles testaceous, the latter black at the points; palpitestaceous. Antenne much longer than the body, 87—388-jointed, black; scape dull rufous. Meso- ‘thoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. An oval impression before the scutellum. Mesopleure with a wide furrow, irregularly crenate. Metathorax rugulose, smoother at the base. Wings hyaline; stigma and nervures fuscous; squamula testaceous; stigma elongate, triangular, emitting the radius before the middle; radial areolet reaching the apex of the wing; 3d abscissa curved ; 2d cubital areolet very slightly attenuated outwards; recurrent nervure evected ; podiscoidal areolet closed. Hind wings with no vestige of a pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs flavo-testaceous ; apical joint of tarsi dusky. Abdomen ovate; Ist segment rugu- lose, short, linear, bicarinated, with visible tubercles; the rest very smooth and shining. Female unknown. Length, 13; wings, 4 lines. A large species, which would be a Biosteres if the 2d cubital areolet were less prolonged. It nearly approaches the preceding species, emulus, but the size is much creater, and the antenne have too many joints, even when allowance is made for the difference of sex; it is hardly probable, therefore, that this can be the unknown 3 of emulus. I have three specimens from Devonshire, one of which was taken by Bignell, the others by myself at Cornworthy. 30. Opius polyzonius, Wesm. O. polyzonius, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p- 136; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 213, ?. Black ; mouth, orbits of the eyes, prothorax and abdomen, rufo- testaceous; Ist segment black, the rest margined with fuscous posteriorly. Head testaceous; middle of the front and of the vertex, occiput, and margins of the cheeks, black. Clypeus rufo- 42 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of testaceous, not touching the mandibles. Palpi testaceous. Antenne longer than the body, black, with the 1st joint and the extremity of the 2d testaceous. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced pos- teriorly. Furrow of the mesopleure deeply crenulate. A puncti- form impression before the scutellum. Metathorax rugulose. ‘Wings hyaline; nervures and stigma fusco-testaceous; radial areolet almost reaching the extremity of the wing; stigma narrow, elongate, emitting the radius at about ! of its length; 1st abscissa longer than the thickness of the stigma; 3d slightly curved ; 2d cubital areolet elongate, hardly attenuated outwards ; podiscoidal areolet closed; recurrent nervure evected. Pobrachial transverse neryure of the hind wings inchoate. Legs testaceous. First abdominal segment black, rugulose. Terebra subexserted. Male not described. Length, 1} line. Wesmael and Haliday had each a single specimen. I possess a ¢ from Walker’s collection supposed to be of this species, but it is in too bad a condition to be de- scribed ; its antenne are 32-jointed. 31. Opius ruficeps, Wesm. O. ruficeps, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p- 148, ¢, pl.1., fig. 9 (wing); 1838, p. 146, ¢. @. Form robust; black, head rufous, except the stemmaticum. Clypeus remote from the mandibles, and like them, rufo-testaceous ; palpi dusky; face strongly carinated. Antenne longer than the body, 84-jointed, the joints short; black, 1st joint testaceous. Mesothoracic sutures deeply impressed. Furrow of the meso- pleure strongly crenated. Metathorax rugose. Wings infumated as far as the stigma, thence to the extremity hyaline; stigma and nervures blackish; radial areolet reaching the extremity of the wing ; 2d cubital areolet moderately attenuated outwards; stigma broad, oval, emitting the radius somewhat beyond the middle ; 2d abscissa a little longer than the 1st intercubital nervure ; podiscoidal areolet completely closed; recurrent nervure evected. Hind wings with a radius faintly traced but discernible ; no pobrachial trans- verse nervure. Legs rufo-testaceous ; all the tarsi, and base of the hind coxe, black. Abdomen short, broad, subcircular; 1st seg- ment mostly rugose, with an unequal surface, somewhat shining, bicarinate at the base, the carine converging posteriorly. Terebra not surpassing the anus. g. Similar; abdomen narrower, less rounded at the sides. Length, 14 line. Wesmael discovered both sexes in Belgium; and I British Braconide. 43 believe Dr. Capron has met with the species in his neighbourhood. It forms the genus Therobolus, Forst. According to Brischke (Schr. Nat. Ges. Danzig, 1878, p- 108) it has been bred from the maggots of Pegomyia conformis, Fall. The ambiguous character of the wings would allow this species to enter the genus Diachasma, if it were not that the 2d abscissa is a little too long. 32. Opius bajulus, Hal. O. bajulus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 214, 3. 3. Black, shining. Face punctulate, with an indistinct carina; clypeus not touching the rufous mandibles ; palpi fuscous. Antenne longer than the body, 29-jointed in both sexes, black with the scape reddish. Mesothoracic sutures meeting in a linear fovea before the scutellum, which is gibbous, flattened at the top, finely margined and transversely rugulose ; its cancellated basal fovea is rather large. Mesopleurz with a crenate furrow. Metathorax rugulose. Wings hyaline; squamula piceous; nervures and stigma fuscous; radial areolet ending rather obtusely before the extremity of the wing; stigma elongate, lanceolate, emitting the radius before 4 of its length; 2d cubital areolet as long as the 3d, not attenuated outwards; recurrent nervure conspicuously evected. Hind wings with an inchoate pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs rufo-testaceous ; coxe black. Abdomen ovate, acuminate behind ; 1st segment obconic, short, striolated; the rest very smooth and shining. Terebra concealed. The sexes are similar. Length, 1—14; wings, 2$—3z lines. Haliday had for description the broken remains of a $ taken by Walker in King’s Wood, Hampton; two ? specimens are in my collection, captured in a wood near Nunton, in Wilts. The rugosity of the scutellum and the black cox make the species easy to identify ; the former character is repeated in several species of Biosteres. O. bajulus forms the genus Biophthora, Forst. 33. Opius truncatus, Wesm. O. truncatus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 18385, p- 137; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 214, g¢ 9°. Black ; clypeus, mandibles, and palpi, testaceous. Face dis- tinctly carinated; clypeus not touching the mandibles. Antenne longer than the body, 88—89-jointed, black with the Ist joint testaceous. Anterior margin of the mesonotum abruptly truncate, fi Rey. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of terminated on each side by an angle, above which is a rather deep fovea indicating the commencement of the mesothoracic sutures. An oblong fovea before the scutellum. Mesopleurz with a crenate furrow. Metathorax somewhat rugose, with two small parallel approximated ridges near the extremity. Wings hyaline; stigma and nervures fuscous; stigma subtriangular, not much elongated, emitting the radius just before the middle; radial areolet rather narrowed outwards, yet reaching the extremity of the wing; 2d cubital areolet much attenuated outwards; podiscoidal areolet completely closed ; recurrent nervure evected. Hind wings with no vestige of the prebrachial transverse nervure. Legs testaceous. Abdomen short, oval, subcircular ; 1st segment without rugosity, shining, almost smooth, much widened from the base to the extremity, the disk elevated; at the base are two carine, which become effaced before the middle. 'Terebra subexserted. Length, 4; wings, 3} lines. Very similar to reconditor (sp. 36), but different in the angular gibbosity of the mesothorax, in size, and in the number of joints of the antenne. Wesmael described a pair found near Brussels; I have captured a 2 in York- shire; the London district, Windsor, and the I. of Wight are other localities mentioned by Haliday. 84. Opius rudis, Wesm. O. rudis, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 141 ; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 214, @. Black; orbits of the eyes, and base of 2d abdominal segment, rufous. Head minutely rugulose, not shining; occiput smooth above ; clypeus not touching the mandibles, elevated, rounded anteriorly, rufo-testaceous like the mandibles; palpi testaceous. Antenne a little longer than the body, 28—29-jointed. Mesothorax minutely rugulose, dull on the sides, more shining on the disk; sutures distinct, crenulate. Mesopleure impressed with a wide fovea, rugose or crenate at the bottom. Metathorax rugose. Wings hyaline; nervures and stigma fuscous; the latter linear- lanceolate; radial areolet reaching the extremity of the wing; 2d cubital areolet much attenuated outwards ; podiscoidal areclet not completely closed ; recurrent nervure evected in the 2 (? inter- stitial in the g). Hind wings with no vestige of the prebrachial transverse nervure. Legs rufo-testaceous, tarsi dusky. Abdomen short, suborbicular; 1st segment black, rugose; 2d sometimes wholly black, but generally more or less rufo-testaceous on its British Braconidae. 45 basal half, which is covered with minute and close punctuation, visible only under a good lens; in the § the 2d segment is more often wholly black. Terebra subexserted. Length, 1—1} line. I have not seen this species, which is described by Wesmael from 8 females and 1 male. ‘That author expresses a doubt as to the specific identity of two additional males, which differed (1) in having a distinct carina on the upper part of the face; (2) the face, and sides of the thorax, more shining, and with less rugosity; (3) the tubercles of the Ist abdominal segment very prominent ; and (4) the radial areolet rather longer. According to Haliday a specimen of O. rudis was taken by Walker in the London district. 35. Opius cesus, Hal. O. cesus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv, 215, ¢ 2. Black, hardly shining, vaguely punctulate, pubescent; 2d abdo- minal segment finely rugulose. Face subcarinate; clypeus widely separated from the testaccous mandibles. Antenne 21—24-jointed. those of the 2 as long as the body, of the § longer. Mesothoracic sutures faintly traced, punctulate, not meeting behind; humeral angles somewhat prominent. Mesopleure with a wide rugose furrow. Metathoraxrugulose. Wings hyaline ; squamula piceous; nervures and stigma fuscous; stigma very much attenuated; 2d cubital areolet hardly attenuated outwards; recurrent nervure evected. Hind wings with no vestige of the prebrachial transverse nervure- Legs elongate, testaceous; apex of the 4 posterior femora and of their tibie, or almost the whole of the tibie, fuscous, as well as the tarsi; sometimes the legs are altogether testaceous. Abdomen @ broadly ovate, subdepressed ; narrower in the $; 1st segment short, broadly obconic, gibbous, rugulose, with 2 basal carine ; 2d segment broadly and minutely rugulose or scabrous, obliquely impressed on each side of the base, the im- pressions joining to form an are. Terebra subexserted. Length, 3—1 line. According to Haliday, found rarely in damp meadows of England and Ireland. 36. Opius reconditor, Wesm. O. reconditor, Wesm., Nouv. Mem. Ac. Brux., 1835, p- 184; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 2138, ¢ 2. Black ; face carinated ; clypeus black in the 2, rufo-testaceous 46 Rey. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of in the J, not touching the mandibles; palpi and mandibles rufo- testaceous. Antenne longer than the body, 28—35-jointed, black, with the scape testaceous. Mesothoracic sutures indicated by two smooth fovex, not completed posteriorly. A punctiform impression, sometimes elongated, before the scutellum. Mesopleure with a rather deep oblong fovea, more or less crenulate or unequal at the bottom. Metathorax rugose. Wings hyaline; squamula flavo- testaceous; nervures and stigma fuscous, the latter elongate- triangular or lanceolate, proportionally broader in large specimens; radial areolet reaching the extremity of the wing; 2d cubital areolet short, much attenuated outwards; podiscoidal areolet closed; recurrent nervure evected. Legs flavo-testaceous ; cox very pale. Abdomen of the 2 suborbiculate, oblong in the g; Ist segment rugulose; 2d usually piceous towards the base. Terebra not surpassing the anus. Length, 1—1}; wings, 23—33 lines. Var.1. Basal half, or more, of 2d abdominal segment testa- ceous, ¢ 2. Var. 2. Like the preceding; but the prothorax is testaceous, the humeral angles of the mesothorax obscurely testaceous, and the clypeus rufous, like the mandibles, °. Var. 3. Like Var. 1, but with the face, orbits, clypeus, and hind margins of the posterior abdominal segments, testaceous. A common species in Belgium ; Wesmael’s description was derived from 20 specimens. MHaliday received several from Walker, collected in the London district, and belonging to var. 3; the two which I possess are from Yorkshire and the New Forest; they have the colouring of Wesmael’s types. 37. Opius celatus, Hal. O. celatus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 216, 3. Black; head oblate, punctate; occiput smooth ; face rugulose, subcarinate; clypeus separated from the mandibles by a wide semicircular interval; mandibles testaceous; palpi pale, elongate. Antenne much longer than the body, 41-jointed, blackish, scape more or less rufous. Thorax longer than usual, thickly punctulate, somewhat dull. Mesothoracic sutures complete ; a smooth space on each of the lateral lobes, the medial lobe vaguely punctate. Mesopleura with a crenate furrow. Wings hyaline; squamula rufo-testaceous ; nervures fuscous; stigma fusco-testaceous, nar- row, linear, emitting the radius before } of its length; 2d cubital areolet not attenuated outwards; recurrent nervure conspicuously rejected. Prebrachial transverse nervure of the hind wings British Braconidae. AT distinct. Legs testaceous; apex of hind tibie, and their tarsi, fuscous. Abdomen oblong; Ist segment elongate, linear, finely rugulose ; the following segments very smooth. Female unknown. Length, 2; wings, 44 lines. Haliday was acquainted with a single specimen, sent to him from England; I possess another, taken near Barnstaple, in bad condition. 88. Opius testaceus, Wesm. O. testaceus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1838, Pela GS) Olea (leecher. Oseeh): Bright testaceous; 2 clypeus not touching the mandibles, which are black at the points. Antenne a little longer than the body, 38-jointed, black, the scape testaceous. Mesothoraciec sutures distinct, impunctate, ending in a punctiform impression before the scutellum. Metathorax rugulose. Wings subhyaline; nervures fusco-testaceous ; stigma large, elongate, ovate, blackish or fuscous, with the extremity paler ; radial areolet not quite reaching the extremity of the wing; 1st abscissa shorter than the thickness of the stigma; 2d cubital areolet elongate, attenuated outwards ; recurrent nervure interstitial or subevected; podiscoidal areolet closed, nearly as large as the prediscoidal. Legs testaceous ; last joint of the tarsi blackish. Abdomen oval, convex; 1st segment broad, the disk elevated, with two longitudinal ridges, and a few intermediate striz. Terebra as long as the abdomen, its valves black, filiform. gg. Similar; antenne half as long again as the body, 39-jointed. Length, 13—2; wings, 4—43 lines. Five specimens, including a 3, were captured near Liége and Brussels, and described in Wesmael’s Supple- ment. The species was not known to Haliday, and I believe it was first noticed in this country by myself. I obtained 5 or 6 of both sexes at the same place and time. They were beaten out of a dusty hedge, bordering the great north road, about two miles from St. Albans. This species constitutes the genus Utctes, Forst.; it is remarkable for its colour, and the length of the terebra, but I am not able to discover any characters important enough to be considered generic. A closely allied species exists in N. America, specimens of which were sent to me from the Washington Museum, under the MS. name Phedrotoma sanguinea, Ashmead. 48 Rey. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of 39. Opius rufipes, Wesm. O. rufipes, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 147; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 216, 3. Black ; 2d abdominal segment more or less rufous. Face cari- nated; clypeus testaceous at the extremity, not touching the mandibles, which are rufous, as well as the palpi. Antenne 2 about one-half longer than the body, 86—87-jointed, all the joints short, the scape rufescent; antenne of the g° 88—42-jointed. Mesothoracic sutures indicated by two smooth humeral impressions, effaced before reaching the middle of the disk. A subcircular fovea before the scutellum. Mesopleure with a crenulate furrow. Metathorax short, rugose. Wings hyaline; radial areolet nearly reaching the extremity; stigma and nervures fuscous; stigma somewhat elongate-oval, acute at the apex, emitting the radius exactly from the middle; 2d cubital areolet elongate, attenuated outwards ; recurrent nervure rejected (in 4 females), interstitial according to Wesmael (in 2 males). Nervures of the hind wings distinct; prebrachial transverse nervure semicomplete. Legs rufo-testaceous ; tarsi sometimes fuscescent. Abdomen oval; 1st segment broad, short, rugose, black; 2d and following segments smooth, shining ; 2d usually more or less piceous or rufescent at the base, but sometimes quite black, and in one specimen entirely rufo-testaceous. Terebra not surpassing the anus, directed up- wards. Length, 1—1}; wings, 2}—4 lines. The recurrent nervure is interstitial in the left wing of ove gs, in the right wing it is plainly rejected, and in both wings of my other specimens. Among the larger Opii this species may be known by the radius originating from the middle of the stigma. It is stated by Haliday to be very rare in North Ireland; it is not common in England, but has been found by Walker in the London district, by Capron at Shiere, and by me at Cornworthy, in Devonshire. According to Ratzeburg (Ichn. d. Forst., il., 62), it was bred by Bouché from the lepidopterous Coleophora nigricella, Ste. Wesmael described an O. caudatus (lib. cit., p. 142), which he was inclined to regard as the @ of this species; the terebra of caudatus was half as long as the abdomen, the facial carma more acute, and the mesothoracic sutures more rudimentary. This was probably not the true ? of rujipes, and I feel certain that the sexes above described belong to each other ; they correspond in all respects, and were captured under the same circumstances. British Braconide. 49 40. Opius comatus, Wesm. O. comatus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 145, pl. i1., fig. 7 @wing); Hal., Ent. Mag., SOUT, EeQw §. Black; head thinly beset with long hairs; face strongly carinated, piceous or sometimes testaceous in the middle, slightly rugulose; clypeus rounded in front, separated from the mandibles by a semicircular interval; palpi pale, elongate. Antenne about as long as the body, 21—23-jointed, testaceous towards the base, the joints fusco-punctate at the apex, the terminal joints fuscous ; 8d joint elongate. Mesothoracic sutures distinct, punctate, con- verging to a point before the scutellum, which is sometimes testa- ceous at the apex. Mesopleure with a deeply crenate furrow. Metathorax somewhat elongate, rugose, reticulated. Wings dull hyaline; squamula testaceous; nervures and stigma fusco-testa- ceous, the former very slender; radial areolet reaching the ex- tremity of the wing ; 2d cubital areolet hardly or not at all attenu- ated outwards; stigma narrow, lanceolate, emitting the radius from the middle; recurrent nervure interstitial; podiscoidal areolet subincomplete. Przbrachial transverse nervure of the hind wings inchoate. Legs testaceous ; last joint of the tarsi blackish. Abdo- men obovate, subdepressed ; 1st segment rather long, obconic, rugu- lose, subcarinate in the middle, without visible tubercles; 2d segment sometimes faintly striated at the base; suturiform articu- lation marked by an indistinct channel, which is often testaceous ; 3d and following segments black, shining. Terebra subexserted. 6. Antenne much longer than the body, slender, 29—31-jointed, testaceous towards the base; 3d joint very long. Head, including the oral parts, testaceous; stemmaticum and occiput fuscous. Prothorax testaceous, obscure on the sides. Under the base of the fore wings is often a dull testaceous spot, and another on the meso- notum; the mesothoracic sutures marked by two testaceous lines. Tubercles of the 1st abdominal segment more distinct than in the 9; a large or small testaceous spot on the 2d segment. Length, $—1; wings, 21—3 lines. Var. 1. Head and clypeus black; 3 apical segments of the abdomen rufo-testaceous. Wesmael. Described by Wesmael from 4 females and 7 males, taken near Brussels. According to Haliday it is some- what rare in shady groves of England and Ireland. I have captured several females, and Bignell a 3g, in Devonshire. This species forms the genus Holconotus of Forster. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—pPaRTI. (MARCH.) E 50 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of vi. Brosterres, Fdrster. Forst., Verh. pr. Rheinl., 1862, p. 259. Clypeus reaching the mandibles and closing the mouth, except in B. placidus, Hal. Second cubital areolet, measured hori- zontally, shorter than in Opiws, the 2d abscissa of the radius not exceeding in length the 1st intercubital nervure; stigma narrow, elongate, emitting the radius from the middle, or from a point just before the middle. The other characters are those of Opius. In Diachasma the clypeus does not reach the mandibles, and the stigma is shorter and thicker, emitting the radius generally from a point beyond the middle. Ten British species may be assigned to the genus Biosteres ; they include the largest of the present sub- family, and have a superficial resemblance to the Alysiids, especially of the genus Phanocarpa. They have a certain facies which distinguishes them from Opius without the aid of artificial characters; but closer examination shows that this difference is mainly de- pendent upon size, and that their structure presents hardly any modification. TABLE OF SPECIES. (18) 1. Clypeus reaching the mandible and closing the mouth. (5) 2. Mesopleure with a smooth impunctate furrow. (4) 3. Abdominal Pape 2—4 black, hard, and shining .. 1. carbonarius, Nees. (3) 4. Abdominal permet 24 Hees. aie. ceous, with a soft cuticle which shrinks after ‘death, leaving transverse impres- sions upon the abdomen 5c .. 2. tmpressus, Wesm. (2) 5. Mesopleur with a crenate or rugose fur- row. (7) 6. Scutellum smooth . 50 So 3. bicolor, Wesm. (6) 7. Scutellum pealese: or punctate, at ER at the apex. (11) 8. Abdomen partly rufous. (10) 9. Scutellum entirely 1ugulose 30 .. 4. hemorrhoiis, Hal. (9) 10. Scutellum punctate at the apex .. . .. 5. blandus, Hal. (8) 11. Abdomen entirely black. (13) 12. Scutellum punctate at the apex .. .. 6. rusticus, Hal. (12) 13. Scutellum entirely rugulose. (15) 14. Ver.ex rugulose, dull; 3 longitudinal bands of similar rugosity on the meso- thorax .. a : ae .. 7. scabriculus, Wesm. British Braconide.: 51 (14) 15. Vertex and mesothorax smooth, shining. (17) 16. Third abscissa of the radius straight, or- with only a very sgh bend at the ex- tremity «. .. 8. Wesmaélii, Hal. (16) 17. Third abscissa of pale euch concave beneath .. oe oo Bb syle cus, Hal. (1) 18. Clypeus not reaching the BERT mouth open af é . 10. placidus, Hal. ile Biosteres carbonarius, Nees. (Pl. Ios iter eh Ne Bracon carbonari ius, Nees, Mon., 1., 58; Opius carbo- narius, Hal., Ent. Mag., i Vint AUS es) Poe Opius procerus, Wesm., Nouv. Mem. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 156, 3g, pl. i1., fig. 12 (wing). Black, shining; face punctate, with a strong carina; clypeus touching the mandibles, punctate, testaceous ; palpi and mandibles testaceous, the latter broad, fuscous at the points. Antenne much longer than the body, 483—44-jointed, § 9; black, with the under side of the scape testaceous. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. Mesopleure with a smooth impunctate fur- row. Apex of the scutellum rugulose; before it is an oblong fovea. Metathorax rugulose. Wings hyaline; nervures fuscous ; stigma paler fuscous, elongate, attenuated, emitting the radius just before the middle; 1st abscissa as long as the thickness of the stigma; 2d as long as the 1st intercubital nervure; 3d slightly curved, ending near the extremity of the wing; recurrent nervure evected. No vestige of a pobrachial transverse nervure in the hind wings. In the § all the principal nervures of the fore wings are incrassated and darker. Legs testaceous; 2d joint of all the trochanters often rufescent ; tips of the tarsi dusky; hind cox of the § sometimes black at the baseabove. Abdomen oblong-ovate, broader in the 2; 1st segment short, forming a truncated triangle, narrower in the g, rugulose, with a medial carina, which is bifur- cate at the base, and a fovea on each side of the apex; the other segments smooth and shining. Terebra concealed. Length, -2—24; wings, 43—53 lines. Generally distributed throughout the country, and more often met with than the other species, yet by no means common. Bred, according to Brischke (Schr. Nat. Ges. Danzig, 1878, p. 107), from the maggots of Pegomyia nigritarsis, Lett. — E 2 52 Rey. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of 2. Biosteres impressus, Wesm. Opius impressus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p- 157, ¢; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 218, o @. Rather smaller than the preceding, but with absolutely the same characters, except as regards the abdomen. The posterior half of the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th segments is marked (in dried specimens) with a deep transverse depression, which is dull testaceous. In the living insect there are no depressions, but testaceous bands, covered with a soft integument, which subsides irregularly after death. ¢@. Length, 2—21; wings, 43—5} lines. Not common; taken by Wesmael in Belgium, by Haliday in North and West Ireland, and by Walker in England. I captured 5 specimens at Cornworthy, in South Devon, and another in Wiltshire. 3. Biosteres bicolor, Wesm. Opius bicolor, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 151, ¢; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 220, 3 @. Black; abdomen, after the Ist segment, rufous. Face carinated > clypeus reaching the mandibles, its lower half testaceous, im- pressed in the middle with a transverse series of punctures ; mandibles testaceous; palpi about as long as the head, testaceous. Antenne g longer than the body, 39-jointed, black; 1st joint rufo-testaceous beneath ; all the joints short; antenne ? not de scribed. Mesothoracic sutures indicated by a short deep depression on each side of the mesothorax in front. Furrow of the meso- pleurz very superficial, formed of a series of slight transverse wrinkles. Metathorax finely rugulose. Wings hyaline; stigma dull rufo-testaceous; radial areolet reaching the extremity of the wing; 2d cubital areolet narrow; podiscoidal areolet complete. Legs rufo-testaceous. First abdominal segment black, rather shining, with a few longitudinal strie; the rest of the abdo- men smooth, rufo-testaceous. Terebra concealed. Length, 1— 13 line. Only two examples seem to have occurred, a 3 taken by Wesmael near Brussels, and a 2 in North Ireland by Haliday ; as the latter writer gives no description of the ? , it may be presumed that the sexes are similar. British Braconide. 53 4. Biosteres hemorrhoiis, Hal. (Pl. II., fig. 8, 2). Opius carbonarius, var. 2, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 152, f 2. O. hemorrheus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 219, ¢ 2; and 204, figs. a, b, 3. Black ; posterior half of the abdomen rufous. Clypeus testa- ceous, touching the mandibles (cf. Hal., l.c., fig. 6); mandibles testaceous. Antenne 9? longer than the body, 41-jointed, scape rufous; antenne g not described. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. Scutellum entirely rugulose, preceded by an oblong fovea, which is surrounded by a few punctures. Meso- pleure with acrenate furrow. Metathorax rugulose, subreticulate. Wings hyaline ; squamularufous; nervures fuscous; stigma fusco- testaceous, elongate, narrow, emitting the radius just before the middle; 1st abscissa as long as the 2d and much longer than the thickness of the stigma; 2d abscissa much shorter than the 1st intercubital nervure ; 3d slightly curved, ending somewhat before the extremity of the wing; recurrent nervure slightly evected. Hind wings with no trace of a pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs rufo-testaceous, tarsiinfuscated. Abdomen ? ovate, convex, black from the base to the suturiform articulation, the remainder rufous; Ist segment short, broad, striated, margined, with visible tubercles; the following segments smooth and shining. Terebra concealed. g. Second abdominal segment rufous towards the apex, 3d rufous on each side of the base; less frequently the 2d segment is rufous only on the sides, and the 3d entirely black. Length, 2; wings, 5 lines. Var. 1. Stigma fuscous; 2d segment at the extremity, and the following segments, rufo-piceous, banded with black. This fine species is quite distinct from carbonarius, Nees (sp. 1), and more resembles Wesmaélii, Hal. (sp. 8) ; it is, however, much larger, and distinguished by the colours of the abdomen ; the 1st abscissa of the radius is also much longer in proportion. Wesmael captured many specimens near Charleroi and Brussels ; Walker found both sexes in the London district; and Haliday a ° on a willow in North Ireland; a 2 is in my col- lection, which was taken near St. Albans. BA Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of 5. Biosteres blandus, Hal. Opius blandus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 220, g 2. ?. Black; abdomen partly rufous. Head very broad, rufous, orbits and cheeks more obscure, stemmaticum black ; face punc- tate, with a medial carina; clypeus hairy, rufous, touching the mandibles; palpi rather short, testaceous. Antenne shorter than the body, black, the scape rufous beneath. Thorax smooth and shining; mesothoracie sutures inchoate. Scutellum coarsely punctate at the apex, preceded by a small fovea. Mesopleurz with a wide cancellated furrow. Metathorax rugulose, smoother in the middle. Wings hyaline; squamula testaceous ; nervures fuscous ; stigma fusco-testaceous, emitting the radius nearly in the middle. Legs short, rufo-testaceous; femora stout; extreme apex of the hind tibiz, and their tarsi, fuscous. Abdomen ovate; Ist segment black, hardly narrowed at the base, rugulose, with a longitudinal carina, which is bifurcate at the base; 2d and following segments rufo-piceous ; 8d and following segments banded with black. Terebra concealed. g. Larger than the 9, the rufous portions clearer; head rufous, stemmaticum and occiput black; antenne hardly shorter than the body, 41-jointed; abdo- men more oblong, 2d segment rufous, the rest fuscous. Length hardly 2 lines. Described by Haliday from one ¢ and a few males taken in May on willows in North Ireland. Forster has made of this species a separate genus Chilotrichia, on account of the hairiness of the clypeus. 6. Biosteres rusticus, Hal. Opius rusticus, Hal., Ent. Mag, iv.,.218, 2. Black; clypeus and mandibles testaceous ; mouth closed. An- tenne gf much longer than the body, slender, 38-jointed, black, the scape rufous; antenne of the @ not described. Prothorax and mesopleurz vaguely punctate with large punctures; the latter impressed with a rugose furrow. Mesothorax rugulose in front, the sutures subcomplete, punctate. A foveola before the scutellum, which is punctate at the apex. Metathorax rugose. Wings hyaline; squamula rufo-testaceous; stigma and nervures fuscous ; stigma very long and narrow, emitting the radius from a point just before the middle; 1st abscissa longer than the thickness of the stigma. Legs testaceous. The rest of the characters are those of carbonarius (sp.1). Length, 1}; wings, 3} lines. British Braconide. 55 This is distinguishable from carbonarius by its smaller size, the rugose furrow of the mesopleure, and the in- equalities and rugosity of portions of the thorax ; from scabriculus, Wesmaélit, and sylvaticus (spp. 7, 8, 9), by longer antenne, the fainter sculpture of the thorax, the longer stigma, the insertion of the radius, and the greater length of the radial areolet. Taken rarely by Haliday in North Ireland on Brassica rapa. The speci- men I possessis a ¢, found by Bignell in Devonshire. 7. Buosteres scabriculus, Wesm. Opius scabriculus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 154, 9; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 218, 3 2. Black ; head and thorax scabrous; legs varied with black. Head pubescent ; face finely carinated, and, together with the greater part of the cheeks and vertex, scabrous, not shining; mandibles rufous ; palpi dusky. Antenne @ black, 33-jointed, as long asthe body; those of the f not described. Mesothorax with 3 longi- tudinal scabrous parallel lines on the disk; humeral angles, and sides in front, similarly scabrous. Mesopleure with no furrow, but a broad rugulose space instead, hardly depressed below the surface. Scutellum and metathorax rugulose. Wings hyaline; stigma dull testaceous, elongate, narrow, linear. Coxe and Ist joint of the trochanters black; 2d joint, femora, and tibie, rufo- testaceous; 4 anterior femora streaked on the upper edge with blackish ; hind femora blackish above and on the sides; tips of hind tibizw and all the tarsi fuscescent. Abdomen narrow, elon- gate; 1st segment longitudinally rugose, with a fine medial carina; the following segments smooth and shining; in the J segments 2, 3, 4 are furnished before the apex each with two minute whitish spines. Terebra as long as } of the abdomen. Length, 13 line. Only two specimens seem to have been taken, a ? near Brussels, described by Wesmael, and a 3 indicated by Haliday, which was sent to him from England, probably from the London district, by Walker. 8. Biosteres Wesmaelu, Hal. Opius carbonarius, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 152 (partly; not of Nees or Haliday ; and not the varieties). O. Wesmaélii, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 219, 3 2, 56 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of Black; face strongly carinated, punctate ; clypeus reaching the ~mandibles, testaceous, sometimes black at the base, punctate ; mandibles rufous; palpi testaceous. g 2. Antenne longer than the body, 837—89-jointed, black, the scape rufous. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. An oblong fovea before the scutellum, which is rugulose, like the metathorax. Wings hyaline; squamula testaceous; nervures fuscous; stigma fusco-testaceous, darker in the ¢, emitting the radius from the middle; 1st abscissa not half as long as the 2d, and not longer than the width of the stigma ; 2d abscissa and 1st intercubital nervure about equal in length ; 3d abscissa straight, ending rather before the extremity of the wing; recurrent nervure slightly evected. No trace of a pobrachial transverse nervure in the hind wings. Legs rufo- testaceous ; cox sometimes infuscated at the base above ; tips of tarsi dusky. First abdominal segment longitudinally rugose, sometimes faintly carinated in the middle. Terebra concealed. Length, 13; wings, 34 lines. According to Haliday, not uncommon in North Ireland during May and June; also found in England by Walker, and twice by me in Leicestershire. It closely resembles the following species, but the difference of the wings renders their separation necessary. 9. Biosteres sylvaticus, Hal. Opius sylvaticus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 219, ¢ 2. More slender than the preceding, but otherwise indistinguishable, except by the wings. Stigma fusco-testaceous, emitting the radius before the middle; 3d abscissa curved, concave beneath, ap- proaching nearer to the extremity of the wing than in Wesmaélit; hence the radial areolet is more cultrate and longer in proportion ; 2d cubital areolet horizontally longer and vertically narrower. In the g, asin the cognate species, the principal nervures are in- crassated and darker. Length, 13; wings, 33 lines. According to Haliday, much rarer in North Ireland than the last species ; Walker detected the ¢ in England, and I possess both sexes captured near Abergavenny, and Nunton, in Wilts. 10. Brosteres placidus, Hal. Optus placidus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 217, 2. Black ; base of 2d abdominal segment rufous. Face carinated ; oral parts rufo-testaceous; elypeus not touching the mandibles. British Braconide. 57 Antenne longer than the body, 38-jointed, black, the scape piceous beneath. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. A foveola before the scutellum. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. Metathorax finely rugulose. Wings hyaline; squamula testaceous; nervures fuscous; stigma fusco-testaceous, linear, very long, emitting the radius before 4 of its length. Legs rufo- testaceous ; cox black at the base; hind tarsi, and apex of their tibiz, fuscous. Abdomen ovate; 1st segment striated; 2d rufous at the base, its posterior portion, and all the following seg- ments, piceous. Terebra concealed. Male unknown. Length, 13 line. Taken only once by Haliday in North Ireland; it seems not to have occurred since. Forster has made of it the genus Rhabdospilus. vii. Diacuasma, Frster. Forst., Verh. pr. Rheinl., 1862, p. 259. Characters of Opius, except that the 2d cubital areolet, measured horizontally, is shorter, the 2d abscissa of the radius not exceeding in length the Ist intercubital nervure, and the stigma is short, ovate, or subtriangular. The shortness of the stigma alone separates Diachasma from Biosteres. The radius, according to Forster, should originate beyond the middle of the stigma; but the rigour of this restriction excludes two species, and would lead to the formation of two new genera for their reception. To avoid this, I have ventured so far to enlarge the limits of Diachasma as to leave the origin of the radius undetermined. Of the four species brought together under this denomination, two, viz., caffer and rugosa, are not provided for in Forster’s synoptical table ; it may be presumed that they were unknown to him, or he would have been obliged, on his own prin- ciples, to make a separate genus for each. TABLE OF SPECIES. (2) 1. First abdominal segment smooth and shin- ing ate 60 Oc (1) 2. First abdominal segment rugulose. (6) 3. Second and third abdominal segments smooth. (5) 4. Abdomen, after the 1st segment, black .. 2. cephalotes, Wesm. 1. caffer, Wesm. 58 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of (4) 5. Abdomen, after the lst segment, in great part rufo-testaceous .. .. 3. fulgida, Hal. (3) 6. Second abdominal segment and oneak part of the third deeply striated .. .. 4. rugosa, Wesm. 1. Diachasma caffer, Wesm. Opius caffer, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, pi l50:-eilalehinit Macy eivesOd ye Geer Black, shining; face strongly carinated; clypeus short, not reaching the mandibles, its lower edge rounded and somewhat raised ; mandibles dull rufous in the middle, scarcely wider at the base; palpi short, black... Antenne 9 rather shorter than the body, 29-jointed ; of the g somewhat longer, 32-jointed; all the joints black, short. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate. A large oval fovea before the scutellum. Mesopleure smooth and shining, with hardly a fovea, but a short narrow series of 3 or 4 punctures. Metathorax smooth. Wings slightly infumated; stigma and nervures fuscous; 3d abscissa of the radius subobsolete towards the end (cf. Ademon decrescens, ante); if complete, it would reach the margin of the wing somewhat before the extremity; stigma oval, emitting the radius from the middle; 2d abscissa much shorter than the 1st intercubital nervure, and much longer than the 2d; recurrent nervure evected. Hind wings with a distinct pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs black; base of hind tibiz in the ? dull rufous; hind femora somewhat incrassated and com- pressed; sometimes the legs are dull rufous, the femora black above, and the tarsi infuscated. Abdomen oval, entirely free from rugosity; Ist segment short, with two lateral channels, the disk raised, smooth and shining. Terebra exserted to the extent of } of the abdomen. Length, 14; wings, 3 lines. Both sexes were discovered by Wesmael near Brussels, and found also by Walker in the London district ; I have taken the ¢ in Epping Forest. 2. Diachasma cephalotes, Wesm. Opius cephalotes, Wesm., Nouv. Mem. Ac. Brux., 1835, p- 149, 2 (not of Ratzeburg, which is a Ceno- calius). Black; vertical and occipital orbits of the eyes rufous. Head large, broader than the thorax; face carinated, vaguely punctured ; clypeus not reaching the mandibles, deplanate, punctate, cireum- scribed by an impressed semicircular line, its lower edge straight, British Braconide. 59 obsoletely margined; mandibles rufous; palpi dusky. Antenne 3d 2 hardly longer than the body, stout, setose, tapering outwards, 36—87-jointed, all the joints short; black, base of scape dull rufous. Mesothoracic sutures complete, deeply impressed, crenu- late, meeting in an acute angle before the scutellum. Mesopleure with a long furrow, deeply crenate. Metathorax rugose. Wings rather short, slightly infumated ; radial areolet short, ending just before the extremity of the wing; stigma and nervures blackish ; stigma oval, emitting the. radius beyond the middle; recurrent nervure interstitial. Hind wings with a distinct pobrachial trans- verse nervure. Legs stout, rufo-testaceous; upper side of cox, Ist joint of trochanters, and tarsi towards the tips, blackish. Abdomen oblong, rather narrow, with subparallel sides; longer in the g, and truncate at the extremity; Ist segment rugulose, not much widened posteriorly, indistinctly carinated in the middle, with visible tubercles. Terebra not surpassing the anus. Length, 2; wings, 4 lines. Wesmael described a mutilated 2 found near Brussels ; the species was not known to Haliday. Both sexes occurred sparingly in a hedge near Nunton, in Wilts, where several were taken by Dr. Capron and myself. 3. Diachasma fulgida, Hal. (Pl. i 11D aye Opius fulgidus, Hal., Ent. Mag.,iv., 217, 2. 3. Variable ; rufous, metathorax, pectus, Ist abdominal seg- ment, and a transverse band on each of the following segments, blackish ; wings infuscated; form robust. Head rufous; palpi piceous; clypeus not touching the mandibles. Antenne longer than the body, 87-jointed, black, scape piceous beneath. Disk of mesothorax rufous, its sutures impunctate, obsolete behind the middle. A shallow fovea before the scutellum. Mesopleure rufo- piceous, with a strongly crenate furrow. Scutellum and meta- thorax black, the latter coarsely rugose. Wings infuscated ; ner- vures and stigma blackish, the latter very large, ovate, lanceolate, emitting the radius beyond the middle; 1st abscissa obliterated by the stigma, punctiform ; 2d as long as the 1st intercubital nervure and much longer than the 2d; 8d abscissa straight, nearly reaching the extremity of the wing; recurrent nervure interstitial. Hind wings with a distinct pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs rather stout, rufo-testaceous ; last joint of tarsi fuscous. Abdomen ovate- orbiculate ; 1st segment oblong, rugulose, blackish ; the following segments rufo-testaceous, cinctured with fuscous bands more 60 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of or less confluent. Female not known. Length, 13; wings, 33 lines. Var. 1. The colours given above are those of Haliday’s speci- men, discovered by Walker in the I. of Wight. A g which I took in Epping Forest differs somewhat:—Head black; mesothorax dark piceous, rufescent in the middle; scutellum and metathorax piceo-rufous ; this is the specimen copied in the plate. This species, if I am not mistaken, has been also found at Shiere by Dr. Capron; it is apparently rare everywhere, and has never been observed on the Con- tinent. 4. Diachasma rugosa, Wesm. Opius rugosus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1838, play mo @. Variable; head rufous; the rest of the body ochreous, more or less obscure, and sometimes quite black above; form robust. Upper part of face carinated ; clypeus not quite touching the mandibles, its margin straight; stemmaticum and tips of mandibles black. Antenne longer than the body, slender, filiform, 33-jointed, black; scape more or lessrufous. Mesothoracic sutures deeply impressed, punctulate, effaced posteriorly. No punctiform impression before the scutellum. A coarsely punctured space on the mesopleure instead of the usual furrow. Mesothorax coarsely rugose, subcarinate in the middle. Wings hyaline; squamula ochreous ; nervures and stigma fuscous; the latter oval, acumi- nate, emitting the radius a little before the middle; 1st abscissa very short; 2d as long as the Ist intercubital nervure, or even a little longer; 3d straight, almost attaining the extremity of the wing; recurrent nervure evected. Hind wings with no trace of a pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs stout, ochreous; tips of tarsi infuscated. Abdomen short, oval, not longer and hardly wider than the thorax; 1st segment as broad as long, somewhat widened behind, deeply and longitudinally striated, with raised lateral margins and a medial carina; from the base of the 2d segment the abdomen is widened and rounded at the sides to the end of the 3d segment, whence it diminishes rapidly to the anus; 2d segment deeply striated like the Ist; 3d segment more finely striated, its apical margin and the rest of the abdomen smooth and shining. Terebra as long as ! or 3} of the abdomen. Male unknown. Length 13; wings nearly 4 lines. Wesmael’s description was made from a specimen apparently female, with the antenne and terebra broken, British Braconide. 61 and which he obtained from Liége. The insect was not met with again, to my knowledge, until Mr. Bridgman sent me a specimen from his neighbourhood; and singularly enough, while the above description was in progress, I obtained another by beating a hedge not far from this house, in Cornwall. This last example is more highly coloured, and almost black on the head and thorax. EXPLANATION OF Puate II. Fic. 1. Ademon decrescens, Nees, ?. 2. Gnamptodon pumilio, Nees, 2. 3. Hedylus habilis, Marsh., ¢. 4, Wing of Hurytenes abnormis, Wesm. 5. Wing of Opius nitidulator, Nees. 6. Opius testaceus, Wesm., 2. 7. Biosteres carbonarius, Nees, 3. 8. B. hemorrhous, Hal., 2. 9. Diachasma fulgida, Hal., 3. Sy betOs ntl ae Tat! ‘ me fon aay dosart al! Sogone stove ciiisto'ey ol | 3 ist Aye a L iti if Weesai; ab Of Froud Giro «iti 8 i bit € py : TRG fais agi mron® toning” dh 4518 sod lt liste fs Router: cheating é TeSee. HR be pieatile, Iie nan atte nace? Fahy sept mgr bap ciel far: i o oe _ He Nips See hod ers iE af nt by de “POLTAMADS cat - oer & Se Cyd” 6 sy errs, cs ow : ana Olney dabotqatsed- Boe > taal, eitnind alee ath Loea yy tee enna hy peta gall be s i ON Fahne bidiye ; eA re “Thy whi daehs ; e i ec ake 3 am vine ©, ue be x gdm atid s , om (ON6S>10) Ill. African Micro-Lepidoptera. By the Right Honble. Lord WatusineHam, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. |Read November 5th, 1890.] Puates III., IV., V., VI. & VII. I am indebted to many kind correspondents for the material dealt with in this paper. Mr. Gilbert T. Carter, C.M.G., formerly Treasurer and now Administrator of the Gambia Settlements, has sent me many things from Accra and Bathurst, some of which have been dealt with in a previous paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 219—288, Pl. X.—XIIT.). Mr. J. M. Hutchinson has collected for me at Kimbolton (Estcourt), Natal. Ihave also received contributions from Mr. Herbert Druce, Colonel Bowker, Mr. C. G. Barrett, and Mr. F. J. Jack- son; the last collection as coming chiefly from the country between Kilima Njaro and the coast is especially interesting. The species described in this paper by no means exhaust the material, and I hope at some future time to work out the remainder. In the meanwhile the present considerable addition to the list of African Tineide and Tortricide may perhaps be useful to those who study the subject. The majority appear to belong to well-known .Huropean genera, several of which are now recorded for the first time as occurring in Africa. In wy previous paper attention was drawn to certain genera which appear on both sides of the Atlantic; no less than seven additions are here made to this list :— Phecasiophora, Grote, CEta, Grote, Ide, Chambers, Polyhymno, Chambers, Strobisia, Clemens, Anorthosia, Clemens, and Zarathra, Walker. Some of these have a still wider distribution, and will soon be also recorded as Asiatic. The genus Philobota, Meyrick, hitherto confined to the Australian region, is here recog- nised. It is extremely probable that a more intimate acquaintance than I possess with the numerous new Australian genera characterised by Meyrick would show TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PraRTI. (MARCH.) 64 Lord Walsingham on that other African forms not dealt with in this paper can be rightly referred to some of them. The Indian genus Timyra, Walker, is now found to occur in Africa. Some few corrections are made in the synonymy of described genera: Nigilgia, Walker, is identified as equal to Phycodes, Guenée ; Polyhymno, Chambers, turns out to be the same as the South American genus Copocercia, subsequently described by Zeller; my African genus Teratopsis is Hememann’s Cacochroa, with which I have only lately become acquainted in Europe. Nine new genera are characterised in this paper, seventy-one new species are described and figured, while additional localities are given for many previously known ; moreover, some few omissions in my former list of South African species are corrected. TORTRICIDA. TORTRICINA. Trras, J'r. Teras (Acleris, Hb.) algoana, F. & R., Reise Nov. Lp., TEI OPOOOVIUls BOs (SVG), 2s Grahamstown (Cape Colony). This species, with which I am unacquainted, was acci- dentally omitted from my former paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881), which professed to give a complete catalogue of South African Tortricide. Cacacra, Hb. Cacecia adustana, Wlsm. Grahamstown (Cape Colony) ; one specimen (Druce). I am only acquainted with the 2 of this species; the reception of the ¢ may perhaps prove that it should be referred to Pandemis. (Pl. iii., fig. 1.] Cacecia occidentalis, sp. n. Antenne reddish brown. Palpi reddish brown. Head deep reddish brown. Fore wings, 3, reddish brown, paler beyond the oblique median fascia, much shaded with purplish fuscous sealing from the base of the dorsal margin nearly to the anal angle; this African Micro-Lepidoptera. 65 fuscous scaling extends upwards as far as the middle of the wing, where a rich chestnut-brown fascia, running obliquely outwards from the middle of the costal margin, meets it and blends with it ; a small space on the middle of the dorsal margin is slightly paler than the surrounding surface; towards the apex an obliquely curved shade of rich chestnut-brown is attenuated from the costal margin to the lower half of the apical margin; cilia reddish brown. In the 2, which is considerably larger than the g, the purplish fuscous scaling on the dorsal half of the wing is reduced to two dorsal spots, the first before, the other beyond the middle; these are mixed with chocolate-brown, but the whole wing-surface shows a mottled appearance caused by patches and lines of pale steel-grey scales, visible only in a strong light. Hind wings rich brownish ochreous, with a cupreous tinge; cilia paler, with a darker line near their base. Abdomen and anal tuft the same colour as the hind wings. Fxp.al. J 16mm., 9 24mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia); six specimens. ‘‘ Taken ~ at light, November and December.” (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. Loxotmnia, Stph. The genus Loxotenia is retained in the present paper, for, although I am inclined to agree with Mr. Meyrick in suppressing it in favour of Cacwcia upon the grounds stated in his paper on the classification of the Tortricina of Australia (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., vi., 488 (1882) ), it involves a more considerable alteration of accepted nomenclature than would be justified without a detailed examination of a considerable number of North American, as well as African, species, which I am not at present in a position to undertake. Loxotenia capensana, Wkv. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson) ; Gra- hamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce). Loxotenia elegans, Wlsm. Estcourt (Natal), five specimens (Hutchinson) ; Gra- hamstown (Cape Colony), two specimens (Druce) ; Zulu- land, one specimen (collected by the late Col. Harvey Tower). bag ns 3 TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1891.--PART I. (MARCH.) F 66 Lord Walsingham on Panprmis, Hb. Pandemis reciprocana, Wky. Teras reciprocana, Wkr., Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXYVIII., 295. (1863). Cacecia reciprocana, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 221. When writing my previous paper I was only acquainted with the ? of this species, and was consequently unable to refer it with certainty to Cacewcia; I have since received two males, collected at Estcourt (Natal) by Mr. J. M. Hutchinson. These differ from Cacecia, Hb., in not possessing a costal fold, and reciprocana should be placed in the genus Pandemis, Hb., although the notch in the basal joint of the antenne of the ¢ is but slightly indicated. Pandemis dorsiplagana, Wlsm. Loxotenia dorsiplagana, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 222—3. This species should also be referred to Pandemis, Hb. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce) ; Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Pandemis capitana, F. & R. Tortrix capitana, F'.& R., Reise Nov. Lp., Pl. CXXXIX., 48 —49 (1875). Cacecia ? capitana, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 221—2. I was unacquainted with this species in 1881, and referred it provisionally to Caewcia. I have since received both sexes, which prove it to be a Pandemis. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), four specimens (Druce). Areyrotoxa, Stph. (Pl. iii., fig. 2.] Argyrotoxa tigrina, sp.n. Antenne brown at the base, greenish beyond. Palpi projected second joint thickly clothed, the scales at its apex projecting slightly beneath the short apical joint; whitish ochreous above, _ African Micro-Lepidoptera. 67 umber-brown at the sides and beneath. Thorax ochreous above, brown at the sides, the tegule shining grey. Fore wings with the costa very slightly raised in the middle, apex pointed, apical margin oblique, not convex : silvery grey, with four narrow trans- verse fasciz, each golden yellow, with an umber-brown central line throughout; the first commencing at one-third from the base, slender, outwardly convex; the second central, stouter, slightly convex outwardly, and differing from the others in the more im- portant umber-brown line nearly covering its outer half; the third at about two-thirds of the wing-length, slightly oblique, tending outwards from costal to dorsal margin, where it terminates just before the anal angle; the fourth, also oblique, terminating beyond the anal angle ; beyond these fascie is a short transverse streak of a similar colouring, immediately before the apex, preceded by a short costal streak of the same colour; a diffused golden yellow basal-streak above the middle does not reach the first fascia; cilia greyish fuscous. Under side greyish, with small pale ochreous and brown costal spots beyond the middle. Hind wings and cilia grey. Under side whitish grey. Abdomen darker grey; anal tuft ochreous. Legs whitish ochreous. Exp. al. 16mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. EIS nie ies.) Argyrotoxa flavicostana, sp. n. Antenne, head, and face pale straw-colour. Palpi greyish fuscous. Thorax greyish fuscous, narrowly margined anteriorly with pale straw-colour; tegule pale straw-colour. Fore wings greyish fuscous, the costal margin pale straw-colour to beyond the apical third; the lower edge of the clearly-defined pale costal band is somewhat sinuous and narrowly margined with whitish; at one-third from the apex a pale straw-coloured transverse streak, or narrow fascia, reaches to the dorsal margin immediately before the anal angle, where it is somewhat dilated, this fascia is much attenuated (almost interrupted) below the costal band, with which it becomes blended, it is narrowly margined on both sides by a whitish line; a pale whitish narrow sinuous line runs from the anal angle around the apical margin; there are a few (4 or 5) small greyish fuscous costal spots in the pale costal band, and a series of spots (about 7) of the same colour runs down the centre of the transverse fascia; cilia pale ochreous, with one or two darker lines. Hind wings rather pointed, with the outer margin FQ 68 Lord Walsingham on very oblique, greyish brown; cilia the same. Abdomen and legs greyish brown. FHzp. al. 18 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), three specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. (Pl. iii., fig. 4.] Argyrotoxa viridis, sp. 0. Antenné rather more than half the length of the fore wings, ‘brownish fuscous, slightly pubescent. Palpi brownish ochreous, dusted externally with fuscous ; second joint thickened anteriorly, somewhat coarsely scaled ; apical joint obtuse, much shorter than the second. Head dull brown, with erect scales above. Thorax bright green, with a vermilion-red oblique streak on each side posteriorly. Fore wings about twice as long as wide, costa sud- denly arched near the base, thence parallel with the dorsal margin to the slightly rounded apex; apical margin straight, somewhat rounded off at the anal angle: bright bluish green, the costal and apical margins narrowly brownish ochreous, on which are a series of about fourteen black dots and spots of different sizes from the base to the apex, some of which are margined on their lower edges with red; along the apical margin are also some black spots, but somewhat suffused and ill-defined; upon the surface of the wing are about seven conspicuous vermilion-red spots or streaks; the first elongate, reniform, extending obliquely downwards, near the base of the wing, to the fold; a second also on the basal third of the wing, elongate, quadrangular, obliquely placed above, beyond, and parallel to the first; below this one is an elongate streak of the same colour, the upper end of which barely crosses the fold, the lower end reaching obliquely -the basal third of the dorsal margin; about the middle of the wing is another less elongate quadrangular spot, above which is a streak connected with a black costal spot, and beneath a rather larger oblique streak crossing the fold to the dorsal margin beyond the middle; an elongate oblique streak of the same colour, its upper end somewhat dilated, extends from the upper end of the cell towards the anal angle, but does not reach it; beyond the cell the wing is tinged with dull greyish or purplish fuscous; an undulating narrow whitish line forming the inner edge of the ochreous marginal shade ; the middle of the cilia on the apex and apical margin is clouded with greyish or purplish fuscous. Hind wings as wide as the fore wings; brown, the costal margin straw-white nearly to the apex, which is produced, the African Micro-Lepidoptera. 69 wing being emarginate beneath; cilia brown. Abdomen brown. Legs ochreous, clouded with fuscous. Hap. al. 14mm. Hab. Accra (Gold Coast), one specimen (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. CONCHYLIN/. Concuyuis, Tr. Conchylis triment, F. & R. Malvern (Natal), one specimen (Bowker). [Pl. iii., fig. 5.] Conchylis tricolor, sp.n. Antenne simple; orange at the base, leaden beyond. Palpi pale orange. Head leaden grey above; face orange. Thorax transversely barred with orange in front, leaden grey in the middle, and bright scarlet behind. ore wings, costal and apical portions orange, the extreme costal margin dotted irregularly throughout with leaden grey; a large reniform leaden grey spot before the apex, not reaching the costa, but attenuated downwards to the apical margin above the anal angle; a large leaden grey patch ex- tends from the base nearly to the anal angle, occupying three-fourths of the width of the wing, and approaching the costa at its upper and outer angle at two-thirds from the base, its upper and outer edges irregularly sinuous and clearly defined, the outer edge somewhat transverse, oblique; this leaden patch contains three transverse bright vermilion bars, not reaching to its upper edge, and a spot of the same colour; the first bar near the base touching the dorsal margin is angulated outwards on the fold, the second bar tending a little obliquely inwards from the middle of the dorsal margin is attenuated (almost interrupted) at a point a little above the fold; the third bar starting erect from the dorsal margin is dilated and bent a little inwards at half its length; between the first and second bars, and almost touching the orange costal border, lies a nearly circular spot containing afew black scales before its upper edge, which is narrowly margined with orange; cilia orange. Newration 7 and 8 from a common stem. Hind wings with the costal mar- gin depressed before, and the outer margin concave below, the produced but obtusely pointed apex; brownish fuscous; cilia the same, with a slight purplish gloss. Newration 3 and 4 from a common stem, as also 6 and 7. Abdomen brownish fuscous. Exp. al. 10 mm. 70 Lord Walsingham on Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. GRAPHOLITHIN. Evupemis, Hb. Eudemis botrana, Schiff. Pietermaritzburg (Natal), October—November, one specimen (Bowker). This species has not apparently been hitherto recorded from South Africa; it has probably been introduced with its well-known food-plant, the grape-vine. [ells mitts. saves (O. EHudemis spissana, Z. Grapholitha spissana, Z., Hand. Kong. Svensk. Vet.- Ak., 1852, 82—3. This species has much the appearance of a true Grapholitha, but agrees in neuration with Hudemis, Hb., to which genus it should be transferred. There is only one point in which Zeller’s description seems to require an additional note; he describes the four costal streaks before the apex as white; these are of a leaden grey if looked at in an ordinary light, but, bemg somewhat metallic, they appear almost white if held in certain positions. The type being in Stockholm, I have figured the species, which, I have no doubt, is rightly identified. Zeller was only acquainted with the ?; I have both sexes. Estcourt (Natal, four specimens (Hutchinson). Bactra, Steph. Bactra lanceolana, Hb. Estcourt (Natal), four specimens (Hutchinson). Eccorsis, Z. Eccopsis wahlbergiana, Z. Bathurst (Gambia), ten specimens (Carter). African Micro-Lepidoptera. gf (eT a., fies 7): Ficcopsis ? nebulana, sp. n. Antenne cinereous, a dark spot beneath on each basal joint. Palpi pale cinereous; second joint with a blackish spot on the upper edge towards the base, beyond this an oblique transverse bar, followed by some darker shading. Head fuscous above; face cinereous, with a conspicuous black spot in front near each eye Thorax fuscous, the tegule cinereous at the base. Fore wings cinereous, mottled with delicately striated patches of leaden grey; with a series of short triangular oblique spots throughout the length of the costal margin separated by pale geminations, the one at half the wing-length being the most important, expanded outwards below the costa, and margined with a pale cinereous line; on the middle of the dorsal margin is a large, very distinct, dark brownish-fuscous patch, rounded at its upper edge above the middle of the wing, and with a slight pointed excrescence at its upper and outer corner, margined throughout by a slender cinereous line ; the extreme apex of the wing is brownish fuscous, and below it, arising from about the middle of the apical margin, is a pale brownish or greyish fuscous well-defined and inwardly oblique dash running upwards, but not reaching to the costal geminations; a dark line runs along the apical margin before the greyish cinereous cilia. Hind wings greyish fuscous, with a dark line near the base of their paler cilia. Abdomen greyish fuscous. Exp. al. 18 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. I have little doubt that this is a true Hccopsis, although no male specimen has reached me. The species is very distinct. Pentuina, T'r. [Pl. iii., fig. 8.] Penthina brevibasana, sp. n. Antenne dark greyish fuscous, with the basal joint whitish ochreous. Palpi whitish ochreous. Head reddish brown above, whitish ochreous in front. Thorax dark brown, tegule reddish brown. Fore wings rather pointed, the apical margin slightly oblique, the costa convex; whitish ochreous, much mottled with olive-grey and chestnut-brown, with a conspicuous short basal patch reddish brown, darkened on its outer half by a strong admixture of deep fuscous scales, its outer edge, leaving the costal 72, Lord Walsingham on margin at about one-fourth of the wing-length, reaches to beyond one-third of the dorsal margin, and is slightly serrated throughout ; this is followed by a large irregularly diffused olivaceous patch, above which, on the costa, are two more olivaceous spots, with in- distinct short oblique costal streaklets between, before, and beyond them; beyond the olivaceous patch are streaks and mottlings of chestnut-brown, not reaching to the costal quarter of the wing ; cilia shining dark purplish fuscous, almost black. Under side greyish fuscous, with a pale ochreous space along the costal and apical margins, which is irrorated throughout and shaded at the extreme costa near the base with greyish fuscous. Hind wings brownish grey, with slightly paler cilia, along the base of which runs a slender line of the wing-colour. Abdomen dark brownish grey. Legs whitish ochreous. Hzp. al. 22 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ?, Mus. Wlsm. A conspicuous and distinct species, easily recognised by the short outwardly oblique dark basal-patch, con- trasting somewhat strongly with the paler surface of the wing beyond it. Srricoris, Tr. (Pls i.) fs 95) Sericoris apicipunctana, sp. n. Antenne grey. Palpi tawny grey, pale beneath and at the extreme apex. Head tawny grey, the face paler. Thorax tawny grey. Fore wings brownish fuscous, with an equal admixture of diffused leaden grey mottlings, the darker shade prevailing only in an ill-defined oblique transverse band beyond the middle; the pale costal geminations are alternated with brownish fuscous spots or streaks, of which two spots at the apex are most conspicuous, the first costal, triangular, and outwardly oblique, the other apical, larger, more rounded, and somewhat inverted ; some tawny-brown colouring is visible about the ends of the costal geminations; cilia tawny, paler at the anal angle, a dark line near their base. Hind wings brownish fuscous, with paler cilia, along the base of which runs a pale line. Abdomen brownish fuscous. Hap. al. 12— 16 mim. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), three specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. African Micro-Lepidoptera. 73 PHACASIOPHORA, Grote. [Pl. iii., fig. 10.] Phecasiophora variabilis, sp. n. Antenne simple; greyish fuscous. Palpi short and compact the apical joint small, greyish fuscous above, paler beneath. Head greyish fuscous, clothed with short rough scales. Thorax the same colour as the head. Sore wings greyish fuscous, paler along the first half of the dorsal margin, and sometimes with a pale diffused patch on the costal margin before the middle, in which are two or three small dark costal spots; beyond this is a short brownish fuscous oblique costal streak, followed by others of the same colour close to the apex; the most noticeable marking on the wing is a large dark brown patch above the anal angle, paler about the angle itself, but reaching nearly half-way along the dorsal margin, and approaching the costa before the apex at its upper end, where it is deflexed to a point above the middle of the apical margin ; this patch is edged with a slender ill-defined greyish white line throughout its inner and upper margin, which meets a short slender greyish white streak coming from the costa immediately before the apex; in the darker portion of the wing is a somewhat distinctly darker shade along the first half of the fold; cilia greyish white at and below the apex and above the anal angle, but dark brown along the middle of the apical margin. Under side unicolorous pale brownish fuscous, the cilia dirty whitish about the apex and anal angle. Hind wings brownish fuscous; cilia greyish white, with an obscure dark line along their base. Abdomen brownish fuscous. Hap. al. 21 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. The species appears to be variable; the general pat- tern of coloration is probably maintained, but the colours vary from dark greyish fuscous to reddish brown, or chestnut-brown, and perhaps even to other tints in an extended series. The African form of this genus differs from the North American type, as described by Grote, in having strong tufts of scales on the hind legs in both sexes (not in the male only). It is interesting to find that not only does the allied genus Eccopsis of Zeller (equal Clemens’ North American Haartema), but that this North American genus, described by Grote (Bull. Buff. Soc. N. H.,1., 90, 74 Lord Walsingham on Pl. Il., 4—6 (1878)), also occurs on the African con- tinent. (SEL iret onal) Phecasiophora basicornis, sp.n. Antenne greyish cinereous, faintly annulated; the basal joint distinctly white above. Palpi greyish fuscous; the second joint stout and thickly clothed. Head and face dark brownish fuscous, a few dirty whitish scales on the crest. Thorax mottled cinereous and fuscous, its anterior edge darker; posterior edge and tegule with some brownish scales. Fore wings sprinkled and mottled with cinereous, reddish brown, and fuscous, the base reddish brown on the costal half, streaked with very dark fuscous along the costal margin ; the reddish brown scaling is continued towards the dorsal margin in scattered patches, forming a sort of ill-defined basal- patch ; beyond this is a pale cinereous ill-defined transverse fascia, rather bowed outwards, and much sprinkled with dusky scaling, a patch of grey occupying its central part above the fold; beyond this fascia is a broad transverse shade of chocolate-brown, tinged with grey on its lower half, narrow at the costal, wide at the dorsal margin, slightly oblique and angulated at the middle of its outer edge; beyond the upper half of this chocolate-brown shade is a conspicuous whitish grey subcostal patch, into which a series of four geminated whitish grey streaks run from the costal margin; a chocolate-brown patch encroaches upon the lower edge of the pale subcostal patch, which runs to a subfaleate attenuated point below the apex, where a slender whitish line interrupts the cilia on the apical margin; the chocolate-brown is modified with grey above the anal angle; cilia brown on the upper half, greyish at the lower half of the apical margin. Hind wings brownish fuscous, with a dark line throughout the greyish cilia. Abdomen brownish fuscous. Legs greyish fuscous, the tufts of the posterior tibize distinctly whitish at the ends and on their inner sides. Exp. al. 23 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, d, Mus. Wlsm. I have but one specimen; the species is probably variable, but 1 think it is quite distinct from the one previously described. Puoxopreris, 7'r. Phoxopteris natalana, Wlsm. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). African Micro-Lepidoptera. 75 [EN Wbohag myer, IA))6 Phoxopteris oculifera, sp. n. Antenne umber. Palpi dark umber. Head pale umber above, frontal tuft dark umber. Thorax pale umber, tegule darker. Fore wings wmber, faintly streaked longitudinally with obscure whitish ochreous lines; the costal margin with short pale whitish ochreous geminations throughout; on the dorsal portion of the wing below the fold, and about and above the anal angle, the pale whitish ochreous streaking more largely prevails; on the extreme falcate apex, above the marginal indentation, is an ovate dark umber spot, enclosed above and below, but not at its ends, by short pale whitish ochreous streaks, giving it an eye-like appearance ; cilia pale whitish ochreous, tipped with umber at the apex and on the middle of the apical margin. Hind wings greyish umber, with paler cilia, and a dark line along their base. Abdomen greyish umber. Hap. al. 14 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), November, ‘‘ on species of mallow,” one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. LEM, wbbleg suey, 113}. Phoxopteris falcata, sp. n. Antenne pale fawn. Palpi whitish fawn, rather long, and roughly clothed with long diffuse scales above and beneath the second joint. Head whitish fawn. Thorax pale fawn. Fore wings narrow, elongate, faleate; veins 7 and 8 from a common stem (in which it differs from the typical form of this genus): fawn- colour along the costal third to beyond the middle, deeply shaded with brown on the dorsal and apical portions; the pale costal third is interrupted by a triangular ill-defined brown shade, commencing at the middle of the costal margin; from near the end of the fold a dark brown dash points obliquely upwards towards the apex ; the extreme apex shaded with brown, and a dark line along the base of the pale marginal cilia. Hind wings brownish fuscous, with a pale line along the base of the cilia. Abdomen greyish fuscous. Ezxp. al. 11—12 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), ‘‘ November, taken at light and flying among mallow,” two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ ?, Mus. Wlsm. This species is apparently somewhat variable in the extent and definition of the brown shading. 76 Lord Walsingham on Coptotoma, Ld. (Plan. fig 4.) Coptoloma dimidiata, sp. n. Antenne pale ochreous. Palpi orange ochreous. Head ochreous. Thorax shining orange ochreous. Fore wings shining orange ochreous to one-half their length, sparsely irrorated with purplish fuscous scales; beyond the middle bright orange ochreous, irregu- larly suffused with purplish fuscous streaks and patches, with three or four very oblique metallic steel-blue costal streaklets; cilia orange ochreous, with a silvery metallic lustre, especially on the lower half of the apical margin, within which three or four small black dots indicate an ocelloid patch; the purplish patches are pro- longed further towards the base on the dorsal than on the costal margin. Under side pale greyish fuscous. Hind wings fuscous, with paler cilia. Under side pale greyish fuscous. Abdomen ereyish fuscous. Legs whitish ochreous, spotted above on the ultimate tarsal joints. Hap. al. 8 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), ‘taken at light early in December,” two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species differs from its Asiatic ally, known as Hemerosia aurantiana, Pryer (Cist. Ent. Il., 235, Pl. IV., 12. (1877) ), in the more equal division of the pale and dark portions of the fore wing; in aurantiana the former predominates. DIcHRORAMPHA, (Gn. ee abiiap-smKe9, ILsy.]| Dichrorampha excisa, sp. n. Antenne pale brownish fuscous. Palpi whitish cinereous. Head brownish fuscous; face whitish cinereous. Thorax pale brownish fuscous. Fore wings somewhat excised below the apex, and bulged above the apical margin: pale brownish fuscous to a little beyond the middle; the remainder of the wing suffused with a delicate mauve or pale lilac tint, obscurely striated with darker shades; the inner edge of this suffused portion of the wing is clearly defined, slightly convex towards the base on the lower two-thirds of the wing-width, and abruptly biangulated beneath the costa; on the costal margin are three or four pairs of pale oblique streaklets, those nearest to the apex being shining silvery; two black dots, one opposite the middle, the other below the middle, of the apical margin, the upper one followed by a silvery spot at the bulge, are African Micro-Lepidoptera. CU the only indications of an ocelloid spot; cilia shining silvery, with a dark line along their base. Hind wings brownish fuscous, with pale cilia, also with a dark line near their base. Abdomen and legs greyish fuscous. Hap. al. 16 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. CHOREUTIDA. Cuorgvutis, Hb. Choreutis. bjerkandrella, Thnb. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson). Simatuis, Leach. Pear, fet 16.) Simethis flavimaculata, sp.n. Antenne ciliated in the 9; brownish fuscous, spotted above with whitish ochreous. Palpi pale yellowish, the second joint barred externally with brown, the apical joint with two brown rings, one at the base, the other before the apex. Head pale yellowish in front, brown above posteriorly. Thorax brown above, the anterior margin broadly pale yellow, with an orange tinge; yellowish beneath. Fore wings chocolate-brown, with three conspicuous yellow patches, all slightly tinged with orange; the first at the outer edge of the basal third occupies more than two-thirds the breadth of the wing, beginning narrowly on the costal margin, considerably dilated to the fold, but not reaching the dorsal mar- gin; the other two patches are in the apical third of the wing, one almost touching the costal margin, and with a slender yellow curved costal streak immediately preceding it, the other, which is larger, situated just above the anal angle, rounded in form like the smaller one above it, and also not actually reaching the margins of the wing; cilia brownish at the base, paler outwardly. Under side brownish, with a faint whitish ochreous spot beyond the middle of the costal margin. Hind wings brown, with a small indistinct irregular yellowish patch radiating from their base to the middle ; cilia cinereous, with a brown line along their base. Under side brownish. Abdomen dark brown, a few paler scales at the base laterally. Legs brown; posterior tibiw, tarsi, and spurs con- spicuously banded and spotted with yellow. Hap. al. 14 mm. Hab. Zanzibar, one specimen (Jackson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. 78 Lord Walsingham on ATYCHIADA. Atycuta, Latr. Atychia quiris, F. & R. Cape Colony, two specimens (G. I’. Mathew). (Pl. iii., fig. 17.] Atychia albiciliata, sp. n. Antenne brownish fuscous. Palpi brownish above, except at the base; the base and under side white, except on the apical joint, which is brownish above and below. Head brownish fuscous. Thorax blackish (perhaps slightly darkened by greasiness). Under side fuscous, with some shining scales. Fore wings narrow; brownish fuscous, sprinkled with greyish scales, especially on the outer half; a faint pale line about the base of the cilia, which are brownish fuscous, slenderly tipped with white. Under side brownish fuscous, with a subapical patch and central streak white. Hind wings wider than the fore wings; clear pure white, with brownish fuscous base, and with a broad brownish fuscous band of nearly half their width running around the hind margin and apex, widest about the base and middle; cilia pure white, except at the apex, where they are touched with brownish. Under side with - markings similar to those on the upper surface. Abdomen black, each segment with a very narrow white ring posteriorly, the three ultimate annulations more conspicuous than the others. Under side fuscous, with some shining scales. Hap. al. 15 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. A small species allied to A. quiris, F. & R., but more distinctly marked. PHYCODES, Gn. GEL ni tesa Phycodes punctata, sp. n. Antenne greyish fuscous, paler beneath, with the basal joint whitish on the under side. Palpi white, the apical joint very short, not projecting beyond the head, tinged with grey above. Head leaden grey above, white beneath ; face shining metallic dark fuscous. Thorax leaden grey, with a shining submetallie gloss. Fore wings shining leaden grey, with black spots, the scales so arranged as to give the appearance of minute transverse striz under the lens; on the extreme costal margin are five very small spots African Micro-Lepidoptera. 79 rom the base, followed by one slightly larger, one beyond the middle, which is again followed by two small and one larger, beyond which are one or two small ones before the apex; the other spots are six distinct ones and one small one, arranged as follows: one above and one below the fold, before the middle of which the lower one is considerably nearer to the base than the upper one; a transverse line of three beyond the middle parallel with the slightly oblique apical margin; beyond these one distinct spot below the middle of the apical margin, but not touching it, and above this one small one rather indistinct; cilia shining leaden grey with a bronzy tinge. Under side pale brownish fuscous. Hind wings brownish fuscous, showing two pale spaces radiating from the base to about half the width of the wing; cilia white, tinged with fuscous at the apical and abdominal angles. Under side pale brownish fuscous. Abdomen greyish fuscous above, beneath bright glossy shining white. Legs greyish fuscous, faintly pale spotted above, beneath bright glossy shining white. Hap. al. 20 mm. Hab. KEstcourt (Natal), one specimen ([Zutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. (Plsive, tet. Phycodes substriata, sp.n. Antenne fuscous. Palpi fuscous. Hawstellum brown, long, and naked. Head greyish fuscous; face shining bronzy. Thorax cinereous, speckled with fuscous above, pure white beneath. Fore wings cinereous, densely striated with slender transverse brownish fuscous lines, and with one fascia and several costal and discal spots also brownish fuscous ; the fascia is narrow and straight from costal to dorsal margin at about one-third from the base; it is pre- ceded by two small costal spots, and followed by three or four others, also costal, with faint indications of other diffused costal spots towards the apex; at about two-thirds from the base is a single spot just beyond the end of the cell, with three smaller ones above, below, and before it; the apical margin is strongly tinged with shining bronzy brown; cilia shining bronzy. Hind wings brown, with whitish cilia, except at the extreme apex. Abdomen and legs greyish fuscous above, white beneath. Hap. al. 17— 18 mm. Hab. Zanzibar, three specimens (Jackson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species is closely allied to Phycodes minor, Wlsm., an Indian form. 80 Lord Walsingham on PPL Siento 205) Phycodes albitogata, sp. n. (Antenne and palpi broken). Head whitish grey, speckled. Thorax whitish grey, speckled with bronzy fuscous above, white beneath. Fore wings whitish grey, with delicate transverse bronzy fuscous strize throughout, and with two distinct straight transverse fascie ; the first one at one-third from the base, bronzy black, con- taining two shining metallic brassy yellow bars, reaching throughout from costal to dorsal margin; the second at two-thirds from the base, narrower than the first, slightly interrupted above the fold, and containing one shining metallic brassy yellow bar; the apical portion of the wing beyond the second fascia is slightly shaded as well as striated with bronzy fuscous, and groups of shining metallic brassy yellow scales lie along the apical margin from the apex nearly to the anal angle; there is a small bronzy fuscous streak on the extreme costal margin at the base; cilia shining bronzy brown. Under side unicolorous brown. Hind wings shining semi- transparent white, with a strong lilac hue, and having a broad brown band along the costal margin; cilia delicate white, with a more opaque white line along their base, merging into brown at the extreme apex. Under side lilac-white, with a broad brown band along the costal margin, widening from the base outwards. Abdo- men shining greyish white above, white beneath. Legs white. Exp. al. 16 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species differs from Nigilgia adjectella, Wkr., in the second fascia having but one metallic line or bar instead of two, in the absence of a metallic line from this fascia to the apex, and in its paler colour and white hind wings. Phycodes adjectella, Wkr. Nigilgia adjectella, Wkr., Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXVIIL., 512. (1863). Tam unable to separate Nigilgia from Phycodes, Gn., a genus which has hitherto been confined to the Indian region, but which is apparently equally well represented in Africa. Walker’s type was received from. Sierra Leone. I have in my collection a specimen, also a female, received from Mr. F. J. Jackson, who met with it at Tangani, Kolumbi Creek (East Africa), in August, 1885. African Micro- Lepidoptera. 81 TINEIDA. TALAPORIAN &. Dissocrena, Stgr. LENG shiven silvers ally) Dissoctena affinis, sp. n. Antenne bipectinate, each of the long pectinations slender and pubescent. Palpi very short, subochreous. Head brownish cinereous. Thorax cinereous. Fore wings with rather straight costa, rounded apex, and oblique (scarcely convex) apical margin: brownish cinereous, with two indistinct paler subochreous costal patches beyond the middle, and before the middle a very indistinct oblique fascia-form shade of the same colour, dilated outwards from costal to dorsal margin; about three very indistinct subochreous spots on the lower half of the apical margin before the brownish cinereous cilia. Hind wings slightly darker than the fore wings, and with a more fuscous shade owing to the absence of subochreous scaling ; cilia unicolorous. Abdomen and Legs cinereous fuscous. Exp. al. 14 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), three specimens (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. The subochreous markings on this plainly coloured species are very indistinct, and probably almost obsolete on some examples, unless taken in fine condition. They seem to constitute a sufficient ground for separating the species from the South European D. granigerella, Stgr., to which it is nevertheless closely allied. It seems desirable to subdivide the Tinetde of Heine- mann as follows :— A. Maxillary palpi obsolete. 1. Fore wings with veins 7 and 8 arising from a common stem out of vein 9 = SETOMORPHINE. 2. Fore wings with veins 7 and 8 not arising from a common stem out of vein 9 = EvuPLocaMINz. B. Maxillary palpi 4—6-jointed = Tinea. SETOMORPHINA. SETOMORPHA, Z. [Pl. vii., fig. 73.] The neuration of Setomorpha rutella, Z. (the type of the genus), is as follows :— TRANS. ENT. 80C. LOND. 1891.—PaRT I. (MARCH.) @G 82 Lord Walsingham on Fore wings 12 veins; 7 and 8 arising from a common stem out of 9, 7 to apex; 5 and 6 slightly curved, parallel; 3 and 4 from a very short common stem; 2 from near angle of cell, curved at origin. Hind wings 8 veins; 2 and 8 froma point at angle of cell ; 5 and 6 from a common stem, 6 to apex. Hapsifera, Z., agrees with Setomorpha in having 7 and 8 of the fore wings stalked out of vein 9, but differs in the form of the palpi, and in having 5 and 6 of the hind wings, as also 2 and 8, separate. Ischnopsis, Wlsm., should probably be placed in the neighbourhood of these two genera. Zeller’s type of Setomorpha rutellais apparently unique, but I have three or four undescribed African species closely allied to it. EUPLOCAMINA. AUTOCHTHONUS, gen.n. _ (ab7dxG0v0g = bred of the soil.) Type. Autochthonus chalybiellus, Wlsm. LEN spate avers 4] Antenne [3 ?]: 2 simple. Labial palpi coarsely clothed beneath ; second joint more than twice the length of the apical joint, the latter projecting obliquely upwards, cylindrical, more or less acute. Mazillary palpi, Haustellum, and Ocelli obsolete. Head rough. Fore wings narrow, elongate, tufted above, apex depressed, rounded, costal and dorsal margins evenly receding from it. Neuwration 12 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem, forming a short fork, 7 to apex; 9 from the same point as this stem ; the other veins separate; two internal veins, one running throughout the length of the cell from between 4 and 5 ; the other, a shorter vein, cuts off the upper angle of the cell to the base of vein 10. Hind wings elongate-lanceolate, apex slightly rounded, the margins evenly receding from it, but the dorsal margin is slightly more convex than the costal. Newration 8 veins; 2 curved from the outer third of cell; 3 and 4 from a point at the lower angle of cell; 5 and 6 from a common stem; one internal vein running throughout the length of the cell. This genus differs from Huplocamus, Latr., in the structure of the antenne, and in having veins 5 and 6 of the hind wings from a common stem, and 3 and 4 from a point. African Micro-Lepidoptera. 83 [Pl. iv., fig. 22).] Autochthonus chalybiellus, sp. n. Antenne simple’; ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous, the erect apical joint naked; second joint thickly clothed with projecting scales beneath. Head pale ochreous. Fore wings mottled rather transversely throughout with about equal proportions of shining steel-grey, rich dark brown, and pale ochreous, the latter prevailing in the numerous tufts of raised scales which are scattered over the wing-surface; these are sometimes shielded with steel-grey on their anterior sides; the most conspicuous of these tufts are, one above the middle of the dorsal margin but below the fold, another above it near the costal margin, and another about the anal angle of the cell; but the whole wing-surface is very roughly scaled (the species calling to mind the paler but very similar Huplocamus horridella, Wkr., from which it differs, as subsequently stated) ; cilia mixed brownish and pale ochreous, paler at the anal angle. Hind wings eneous, with a purplish gloss; cilia shining greyish. Abdomen brownish grey; anal tuft ochreous. Hap. al. 14— 16 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. ScaLIDOMIA, gen. n. (cxaris = a hoe, aues = shoulder). Type. Tinea horridella, Wkr. [LPS Syinleg aller, 7/2 Antenne stout, very slightly serrated towards the apex, two- thirds the length of the fore wings. Labial palpi, second joint slightly recurved, clothed with projecting scales beneath ; apical joint obliquely erect, cylindrical, obtuse, about one-third the length of the second joint. Mazillary palpi, Haustellum, and Ocellr obsolete. Head rough. Fore wings elongate, apical margin obliquely convex, apex rounded, width equal to about one-third the length; wing-surface more or less tufted with raised scales. Newration 11 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem, 7 to apex; the other veins separate; an internal vein runs from the space between 5 and 6 to between 9 and 10. Hind wings lanceolate- ovate, apex produced, rounded; dorsal margin convex, costal margin nearly straight, slightly depressed from the middle. Neuration 8 veins; 8 and 4 somewhat approximate at base; 6 and 7 parallel ; two internal veins, one from base of 4, the other from G 2, 84 Lord Walsingham on base of 6, meet in the middle of the cell, and are apparently con- tinued to the base in a common stem. This genus differs from Huplocamus, Latr., in the structure of the antenne, and in having but 11 veins in the fore wings. Scalidomia horridella, Wir. Tinea horridella, Wkr., Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXVIIL., AT4. (1868). Euplocamus horridellus, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1881, 237—8. Malvern (Natal), three specimens (Bowker) ; Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). BaRBAROSCARDIA, gen. nl. (@aeSceo; = foreign, scardia (nom. gen.) ). Type. Barbaroscardia fasciata, Wlsm. PRIS vais fo. On Antenne 3 strongly ciliated. Labial palpi roughly clothed beneath; the short projecting apical joint slender, naked, slightly shorter than the second joint. Mazillary palpi, Haustellum, and Ocelli obsolete. Head rough. Fore wings ovate, apex evenly rounded, costal and dorsal margins convex. Newration 11 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem, 7 to apex; rest separate; one internal vein running from the base of 6 to the base of 10. Hind wings as broad as the fore wings, ovate, costal margin straighter and less convex than the dorsal, apex rounded. Newration 8 veins; 3 and 4 arising from a point at the lower angle of the cell; 5 dis- tinctly separate from 4, nearly parallel with 6 and 7; one internal vein from between 5 and 6 dividing the cell throughout. This genus differs from Huplocamus, Latr., in the structure of the antenne, and in having only 11 veins in the fore wings. [RIS oeas) Barbaroscardia fasciata, sp. n. Antenne pale brownish, ciliated in the male. Palpi whitish ochreous, slightly darker at the sides and at the base of the apical joint, projecting, scarcely upturned. Head whitish oehreous, densely clothed above. Fore wings whitish ochreous, sprinkled with scattered brown scales; a distinct brown transverse fascia lies at one-third of the wing-length, and is followed on the outer African Micro- Lepidoptera. 85 half of the wing by three cuneiform brown spots, two costal and one dorsal, all pointing downwards, and sufficiently connected to form a V-shaped mark, with its apex approximate to the anal angle ; the lower extremities of the two costal spots impinge upon the opposite upper corners of the dorsal spot, which occupies the lower half of the wing; cilia whitish ochreous, with a few small brownish spots at their bases. Hind wings grey, with scarcely paler cilia. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish ochreous. Exp. al. 14 mm. Hab. Delagoa Bay (EK. Africa); two specimens (Druce). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. A distinct form, perhaps allied to Huplocamus stupens, Wlern. Lastoctrna, Meyr. Lastoctena sisyrea, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1887, 279. Grahamstown (Cape Colony). CoMPSOCTENA, Z. Compsoctena primella, Z. Iam fortunate in having received the female of this species. It does not fulfil Zeller’s prophecy that it would probably prove to be apterous (Hand. Kong. Svensk. Vet.-Ak., 1852, 87), nor my own suggestion that it would have smaller wings and a larger body than the male (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 227); on the con- trary, the wings are larger (exp. al. g 16—18 mm., ? 20 mm.). The body is long and fringed at the sides posteriorly, the ovipositor is conspicuously produced and abruptly squared at the end, notacute. The antenne are thickly and coarsely scaled, not with clearly divided pectinations, as in the male; but they are in some degree pectinated, the pectinations compressed together, and lying forward along the stem of the antenna. The palpi are roughly clothed with long scattered hair-scales, less closely appressed than in the male. ‘The coloration is much the same as in the male. There can now be no doubt that this genus should be placed among the Tineide, where it should stand in the 86 Lord Walsingham on neighbourhood of Huplocamus, Latr., from which it differs chiefly in the separation of veins 7 and 8 of the fore wings. The genus Lasioctena, Meyr., seems to differ from Compsoctena in the structure of the palpi, which are recurved, and in having veins 6 and 7 of the hind wings approximate at the base. I think I have an undescribed species belonging to this genus. Malvern (Natal), two specimens (Bowker) ; Grahams- town (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce). TINEINA. TinEA, Z. Tinea vastella, Z. Bedford (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce); Gra- hamstown (Cape Colony), three specimens (Druce) ; Cape Colony, eight specimens (Zell. Coll.); Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson) ; Malvern (Natal), one speci- men (Bowker); Caffraria, one specimen (Zell. Coll.) ; Delagoa Bay (Kast Africa), one specimen (Druce) ; Kilima Njaro (Hast Africa), three specimens (Jackson) ; Sudan, two specimens (Zell. Coll.), three specimens (Frey Coll.). Tinea tapetzella, Z. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce). This species has apparently not been previously re- corded from South Africa. Tinea fuscipunctella, Hw. Estcourt (Natal), (Hutchinson). [Pl. iv., fig. 24.] Tinea zebra, sp.n. Antenne whitish ochreous. Palpi whitish ochreous. Head yellow. Thorax brown, inclining to ochreous posteriorly. Fore wings pale shining ochreous, the basal third of the costal margin nar- rowly brown ; a brown longitudinal basal streak, tapering outwards, runs along the fold to the anal angle, where it is connected with a brown shade whichis continued along the base of the cilia around the apex; a wedge-shaped shade of scattered brown scales points inward from the apex, and terminates in a brown spot anda slender brown line about the end of the cell; cilia pale shining ochreous. Under African Micro-Lepidoptera. 87 side brownish, with pale cilia. Hind wings and cilia shining whitish ochreous. Abdomen and legs ochreous. Hap. al. 14mm. Hab. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), three specimens (Druce). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. BLABOPHANES, Z. Blabophanes longella, Wkr. Gambia, one specimen (Druce); Zululand, one speci- men received from the late Col. Harvey Tower. Blabophanes monachella, Hb. Bathurst (Gambia), ‘‘ November—December,”’ one specimen (Carter). This widely-distributed species is apparently new to the African fauna, but this and longella are probably only varieties of one species. Blabophanes speculella, Z. Estcourt (Natal), three specimens (Hutchinson). Blabophanes rejectella, Wkr. Estcourt (Natal), three specimens (Hutchinson). Blabophanes rutilicostella, Stn. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson). NemopHora, Hb. Nemophora elongatella, Wlsm. I notice that this species differs siightly in neuration from the European forms of Nemophora; veins 5 and 6 of the hind wings are separate, and the cell is somewhat longer. Estcourt (Natal), three specimens (Hutchinson). CEROMITIA, Z. N. syn. = Agzsana, Mschl. (1888). This genus is distinguished from Nemophora by its shorter maxillary palpi, and by having veins 8 and 9 of the fore wings and 5 and 6 of the hind wings separate: it is undoubtedly allied to Nemophora. 88 Lord Walsingham on Ceromitia wahlbergi, Z. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson) ; Mal- vern (Natal), one specimen (Bowker). Ceromitia turpisella, Wkr. Nemophora turpisella, Wkr., Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXVIIL., 497 (18638). N. syn. = Agisana caffrariella, Mschl., Ver. Z.-b., Ges. Wien., XXXII., 308—9, Pl. XVI., 24 (1883). This species belongs properly to the genus Ceromitia, but the neuration does not appear to be constant ; veins 8 and 9 of the fore wings being coincident at the base in some specimens, although not necessarily in both wings ; the separation of veins 5 and 6 of hind wings is, however, a constant character. Annshaw (Cape Colony), one specimen (Barrett) ; Est- court (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson) ; Malvern (Natal), one specimen (Bowker); Delagoa Bay (Kast Africa), two specimens (Druce). Ceromitia alternipunctella, Wlsm. Nemophora alternipunctella, Wism., Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1881, 245—6. This species must also be placed in Ceromitia. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce). ADELIN &. ADELA, Latr. [Pl. iv., fig. 25.] Adela cuneella, sp. n. Antenna inthe J about twice as long as the fore wings ; brownish above, hoary beneath, the basal third spotted with whitish on the upper side. Palpi and Head very roughly clothed with long hair-like scales, brownish fuscous above, hoary beneath. Thorax brownish fuscous above, hoary beneath. Fore wings hoary, thickly clothed with closely-packed elongate bronzy-brown scales, in some lights showing metallic lustre; at two-thirds of the wing- length is an outwardly oblique, cuneiform, whitish costal streak reaching half-across the wing, margined with bronzy brown on each side, the inner margin slightly darker than the outer; at the apex of the wing is a rather distinct small curved fuscous line at the base of the cilia, which beyond it are white, tipped with bronzy African Micro-Lepidoptera. 89 brown ; this curved line is preceded in the costal cilia by a short inwardly oblique whitish streak, margined by bronzy-brown scales, and below it, in the cilia of the apical margin, are a few corre- sponding whitish scales, below which is a slender broken bronzy line at the base of the cilia, which are dirty white, shading to bronzy brown at the anal angle. Hind wings bronzy brown, with a darker line along the base of the unicolorous cilia. Abdomen and Legs fuscous; tarsal joints spotted with white. Hap. al. 10— 11 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. A small, rather obscure species, but very distinct from any of its known European or American allies. Nemotois, Hb. [Pl. iv., fig. 26.] Nemotois humilis, sp. n. Antenne bronzy, faintly annulated, rather more than twice as long as the fore wings. Palpi very short, roughly clothed with hair-like scales. Head dull purplish fuscous. Thoraa shining bronzy. Fore wings shining bronzy, without markings; the metallic scales are arranged in lines throughout, divided from each other by the darkened ground colour, which is scarcely visible be- tween them. Hind wings purplish, with scarcely paler purplish cilia. Abdomen fuscous. Legs fuscous; the posterior tarsal joints faintly pale spotted. Hp. al.8 mm. Hab. Delagoa Bay (East Africa); five specimens (Druce). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. A very small unicolorous species allied to cupria- cellus, Hb. : HYPONOMEUTIN#. HyponoMEuvTA, Z. Hyponomeuta subplumbellus, Wlsm. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Hyponomeuta strigillatus, Z. Hyponomeuta strigillatus, Z., Hand. Kong. Svensk. Vet.-Ak., 1852, 102—3. N. syn. = Hyponomeuta perficitellus, Wkr., Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXVIII., 581—2 (1868). 90 Lord Walsingham on Delogoa Bay (Kast Africa), two specimens (Druce) ; Accra (Gold Coast), (Carter). Hyponomeuta morbillosus, Z., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., XIIIL., 2298, pl. III., 66 (1877). Zanzibar. ; This species was omitted from my previous paper (Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1881). Be erases inked >47/-)| Hyponomeuta puncticornis, sp. n. Antenne pale leaden grey, with a minute spot on the upper side of the basal joint. Palpi short, porrected; pale leaden grey, un- spotted. Head pale leaden grey. Thorax pale leaden grey, with five black spots and one on the anterior half of each of the tegule; the thoracic spots are arranged as follows: two anterior adjacent ; two median, more widely separated; one posterior, remote. Fore wings shining pale leaden grey, with about fifteen black spots; a line of four or five near the costal margin, the last only beyond the middle, the last but one about the middle; a line of four above the fold, the last slightly beyond the middle; a line of four below the fold, the last slightly beyond the outer spot of the middle line; two or three more near the apical margin before the cilia; cilia pale leaden grey. Under side dark greyish fuscous. Hind wings shining leaden grey, scarcely darker than the fore wings; cilia slightly darker than the hind wings. Under side slightly paler than in the fore wings. Abdomen dark greyish fuscous. Hzap. al. 24 mm. Hab. Delagoa Bay (East Africa), two specimens (Druce). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. (Eta, Grote. [Pl sivepuea2S. (ta carteri, sp.n. Antenne somewhat serrated, thickened, purplish fuscous ; apical third snow-white, spotted above with fuscous and tipped with fuscous. Palpi recurved to middle of face, purple. Hawstelluwm orange. Head deep purple, with two conspicuous snow-white lateral spots behind the antennz and two on the face. Thorax deep purple, with two anterior snow-white spots, somewhat smaller than those behind the antenne; one central snow-white spot behind the middle, and two small snow-white lateral spots beneath African Micro-Lepidoptera. 91 the tegule. Fore wings deep shining purple, with from fifteen to eighteen conspicuous snow-white spots, mostly circular; one at the middle of the base, three on the costa, of which two are on the basal half, and one at the commencement of the apical fourth, the latter somewhat produced downwards; two spots in the basal half on the dorsal margin, the first circular, the second smaller and semi- circular; between these and the first two of the costal spots is a large round spot crossing the fold; immediately beyond the middle of the wing are two similar ones, of which the lower one is the larger, and lies immediately below the fold; beyond these again is an elongate reniform spot, produced downwards to the fold ; between this and the anal angle is another circular spot, not touching the dorsal margin ; in the apical fourth of the wing are three spots, one somewhat reniform, produced downwards, but not parallel with the apical margin, the other two are above it, both circular, the outer one being the smaller; besides these spots above mentioned there are three or more very small spots, of which the most conspicuous are one between the two reniform spots, one above the first reniform spot, and one below the costal margin before the apex; cilia bright shining copper-brown. Under side dull fuscous, deep purple towards the apex and apical margin; a white spot on the costal margin at one-fourth from the apex, anda small white spot below and beyond it; these correspond with the similar spots on the upper side of which others are more or less visible. Hind wings copper-brown on the basal half, tending to purplish fuscous outwardly; cilia bright purple about the apex, copper-brown towards the base. Under side brownish, shading to deep purple at the apex, where there are two conspicuous white spots, the one on the costal margin, the other below and beyond it between veins 6 and 7; the costal spot only is visible on the upper side. Abdomen copper-brown, anal segment deep purplish fuscous. Under side bright purple, copper-brown at sides and base, with a white band at the commencement of the purplish colouring, followed by two white spots near it, and a conspicuous white patch on the penultimate segment. Legs bright purple, banded and spotted with white on the tibie; the anterior pair with two large white spots at the base of the femora. Hap. al. 24 mm. Hab. Bathurst, May; one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. I have named this beautiful and distinct species after Mr. Gilbert T. Carter, to whom I am so deeply indebted for his assiduous efforts to increase my collection of African Micro-Lepidoptera. 92 Lord Walsingham on GYMNoGRAMMA, Z. (Plain... fi¢.929 + Pliivit.,cies 77) Gymnogramma hutchinsont, sp. n. Antenne fuscous. Palpi leaden grey. Head fuscous, a collar of reddish orange dividing the head from the thorax. Thorax leaden grey. Under side leaden grey, orange-red in front near the head. Fore wings and cilia unicolorous leaden grey. Under side orange reddish, except the outer third and costal margins, which are fuscous. Neuration 12 veins; all separate; with a supple- mentary cell caused by 5 being continued through the cell to the base of 11; 1 forked at base. Hind wings and cilia orange-red. Under side orange-red, except at the base. Neuration 8 veins; with a supplementary cell; the internal nervule commences near the base of 6, and is curved downwards, encroaching on the lower cell; 8 and 4 from a point at lower angle of cell; 2 from slightly beyond outer third of cell. Abdomen fuscous, fringed with orange- red at the sides posteriorly ; the anal segment entirely orange-red. Under side orange-red, except at the base. Hap. al. 16 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), three specimens (Hutchinson). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species differs from G. rufiventris, Z., in the absence of a dark apical margin and cilia to the upper side of the hind wings, and in its leaden rather than brown fore wings. Evsrixis, Hb. Eustixis flavivittella, Wism. Delagoa Bay (East Africa), two specimens (Druce) ; Kistcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). PLUTELLINZE. Puutewia, Schrk. Plutella cruciferarum, Z. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), 16 specimens (Druce) ; Estcourt (Natal), five specimens (Hutchinson) ; Gambia, two specimens (Druce:. Not hitherto recorded from South or West Africa. GELECHIAN A. GELECHIA, Z. Gelechia rescissella, Z. Lstcourt (Natal), one specimen (/Zutchinson). African Micro-Lepidoptera. 3 Gelechia zetterstedtiella, Z. Estcourt (Natal), seven specimens (Hutchinson). Gelechia aglossella, Wkr., Cat., Lp. Ins. B. M., XXXY., 1830—1 (1866). Cape. This species was omitted from my previous paper. pels ive, fies 30s] Gelechia hutchinsonella, sp. n. Antenne brownish fuscous, faintly pale-spotted above, paler beneath. Palpi pale stramineous, banded with fuscous before the end of the apical joint, and with a brownish fuscous spot at the base of the second joint externally. Head pale stramineous. Thorax stramineous ; patagia with a brown spot at their base. Fore wings stramineous, with a brownish fuscous spot at the extreme base of the costa, thence shaded with greyish fuscous along the costal margin nearly to the commencement of the costo- apical cilia; along the centre of this costal shade a line of chestnut scales can be traced in fresh specimens, reaching to half the length of the wing; contiguous to the lower edge of the costal shade, but before the middle, is a distinct black spot; a conspicuous greyish fuscous patch hes on the dorsal margin contiguous to the anal angle, its rounded inner edge narrowly margined by a line of black scales, its outer extremity touched with chestnut; this patch is connected at the anal angle witha shade of the same colour, which follows the apical margin to the apex, interrupted only by a small marginal spot of the pale stramineous ground colour, immediately below the apex, by which the darker shade appears to be deflected inwards; cilia greyish fuscous. Hind wings and cilia grey. Abdomen grey. Legs greyish, faintly pale-speckled. xp. al. 10—14 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), eight specimens (Hutchinson. Tangani (Kolumbi Creek, Hast Africa), August, one specimen (Jackson). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. g4 Lord Walsingham on (Plies ie. ole Gelechia palpigera, sp. 0. Antenne ochreous. Palpi dark brown, with the apical joint anda spot at the apex of the second joint white. Head and Thorax greyish ochreous. Fore wings greyish ochreous, paler along the base of the costal half; a brown spot at the extreme base of the costal margin is connected by a slender line along the margin with a brown shade on the outer half of the costa, which, commencing very obliquely, is margined internally by a whitish line, and interrupted about half-way to the apex by a similar, slender, very oblique whitish line running to a whitish subapical patch (not visible in every specimen), below which are a few dark scales at the base of the dorsal cilia; on the wing-surface a small fuscous spot lies beyond the end of the cell, opposite the base of the second white costal streak; and in another specimen this is pre- ceded by two similar spots, one on the fold and one on the disk, about equidistant from the other two; cilia greyish ochreous. Under side unicolorous brownish ochreous. Hind wings and cilia dark grey. Abdomen brownish ochreous. Legs greyish ochreous. Eezp. al. 14—17 mm. Hab. Delagoa Bay (East Africa), two specimens (Druce). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. The larger specimen has the three spots, the smaller only one. Bracumia, [Hein. Brachmia trigella, Z. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson). Brachmia subsecivella, Z. Kstcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Anacampsis, Crt. Anacampsis lamprostoma, Z. Gelechia lamprostoma, Z., Is., 1847, 851. N. syn. =Gelechia zulu, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 261—2. Gelechia zulu, Wlsm., must be regarded as a synonym of lamprostoma, Z. This species appears to be widely distributed ; it occurs in Sicily, Spain, Asia Minor, and India, as well as Africa. African Micro-Lepidoptera. 95 Bathurst (Gambia), November, two specimens (Car- ter); Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Procunvuusa, Hein. Ptocheuusa ? cemiostomella, Z., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII., 857—8 (1887). Zanzibar. This species was omitted from my previous paper. PotyHymno, Chamb., Can. Ent., VI., 246—7 (1874). N. syn. = Corocercia, Z., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII., 374— 5 (1877). The type of Polyhymno, Chamb., is Polyhymno luteo- strigellu, Chamb., a species occurring in the United States. This species is figured Pl. VIL., fig. 78. Copocercia was described by Zeller for the reception of Copocercia crambinella, Z., from Ubaque. I have several specimens of Polyhymno luteostrigella, Chamb., and the type of Copocercia crambinella, Z. ; there can be no doubt that they are congeneric. Poly- hymno takes precedence. The neuration is as follows :— Fore wings 12 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem, 7 to costa immediately above apex; rest separate, 2 from near angle of cell ; 16 furcate at base. Hind wings 8 veins; 3 and 4 very short, stalked (almost from a point) ; 6 and 7 stalked, 6 to apical margin, 7 to costa. Ocelli present. [Pl. iv., fig. 32.] Polyhymno cleodorella, sp. n. Antenne brownish. Palpi white, tinged with brown on the under side towards the apex. Head shining creamy white. Thorax brown ; tegule shining white. Fore wings falcate at the apex; brown, with shining white longitudinal streaks and ante-apical costal geminations; a wide central white streak from the base, slightly nearer to the costal than to the dorsal margin, is attenuated beyond the middle, and almost reaches the apical margin below the faleate apex; a more slender line of white on the extreme costal margin from near the base is deflexed about the middle of the costal margin, and runs very obliquely outwards, ending slightly beyond and above the end of the central streak; a third 96 Lord Walsingham on white line, starting at the basal third below the fold, crosses the fold beyond the middle, and is somewhat dilated towards its apex, opposite to the middle of the apical margin and on a level with the apex of the upper line; this third line gives off a short oblique branch beneath, which commences on and follows the fold to near the anal angle; there are three short outwardly oblique costal streaks immediately before the apex, and two minute ones above the apex itself in the apical cilia; the ends of the cilia are brown at the extreme apex, with a minute spot of blackish scales lying beneath the projected point; cilia on the apical margin white, with a brown line along their base, within which is a slender parallel white one; cilia at the anal angle tinged with brown. Hind wings deeply emarginate below the pointed apex; brownish grey; cilia pale greyish brown, faintly touched with whitish below the apex. Abdomen brownish. Legs brown, touched with whitish spots on the posterior tarsal joints. Hap. al. 12 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia) ; ‘Three specimens taken in November and December” (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species differs but little from the South American Copocercia crambinella, Z., except in the arrangement of the costal streaks, and in the more conspicuous third line of white crossing the fold. Polyhymno luteotactella, Chamb., is very similar, but distinct. (PRI ivewiioosoe| Polyhymno ? tenuis, sp. n. Antenne with the basal joint elongate, narrow at the base, slightly enlarged towards its apex; white at the base, shaded with brown beyond the basal third. Palpi long, slender, recurved ; white. Head and Thorax shining white. Fore wings slender, falcate at the apex; shining white, with the apex, one costal, and two dorsal oblique streaks, greyish brown; the first dorsal streak commences at one-fourth from the base, is short, stout, outwardly oblique, and reaches to the fold; the second dorsal streak com- mences about the middle of the dorsal margin, is wide at its base, tapering upwards in a very oblique outward direction, crossing the fold, and attenuated to a slender line in the direction of the apex, before which it meets the scarcely less oblique but much shorter costal streak, which commences at about one-third from the apex ; beyond and near the costal streak is a greyish brown shade extending to the apex ; at the extreme apex is a dark brown spot, African Micro-Lepidoptera. 97 narrowly set in white, to which two slender greyish brown streaks running through the white apical cilia give an eye-like effect ; these streaks are bent downward at the apex, and, together with a large patch of brown scales in the subapical cilia, increase the faleate appearance to the wing-tip; they are distinctly visible on the under side; cilia at the anal angle pale brownish grey. Hind wings deeply emarginate beneath the much prolonged and slender apex; pale shining grey; cilia faintly brownish tinged, with a distinct brownish fuscous transverse streak running through them at the extreme apex, and very near their outer points. Abdomen greyish white. Legs white, spotted with brownish. Exp. al. 9—10 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), three specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species is perhaps not properly referred to Poly- hymno, but it is hardly advisable to create a new genus for its reception at present. Its more slender hind wings distinguish it from the typical form of this genus. Stropista, Clem. The neuration of this genus is as follows :— Fore wings 12 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem; or 11 veins, 7 absent (coincident with 8); 2and3 from a curved common stem ; rest separate; 1b furcate at base. Hind wings 8 veins; 8 and 4 from a point at angle of cell; 6 and 7 from a point; 16 furcate at base. Levey ee, OER eallaallen iver Als] Strobisia metallica, sp. n. Antenne pale yellow, spotted with black on the upper side of each joint. Labial palpi long, recurved, acuminate ; apical joint slightly longer than the second; externally whitish, slightly clouded with grey, especially on the inner side. Head greyish fuscous ; face shining whitish grey. Thorax greyish fuscous, with a brownish tint posteriorly. Under side pale greyish ochreous, Fore wings elongate, apex depressed, apical margin scarcely oblique ; bronzy brown on basal two-thirds, streaked with fuscous between the metallic markings, which are as follows: first a con- spicuous bright steel-blue stripe along the costa from base, de- pressed and somewhat widened before the middle of the wing, ending above the fold at about half the wing-length ; this stripe is TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PART I. (MARCH.) H 98 Lord Walsingham on slightly dark-margined throughout; below it is a streak of a similar colour running along the fold from the base, and ending before the middle of the fold closely above a detached elongate spot of the same metallic steel-blue, lying immediately below the fold beyond its middle; at two-thirds the wing-length are two con- spicuous lilac metallic spots, the first, costal, reaching less than half-way across the wing, the other, dorsal, almost connected with it, and occupying more than half the width of the wing; these are also distinctly dark-margined; beyond them is a broad bright orange-yellow fascia completely crossing the wing; the apical portion of the wing is fuscous, containing three small metallic spots, parallel with the apical margin, and separated from it by an orange streak; cilia bright steel-blue, separated by a dark line from the orange streak. Under side uniformly smooth, shining ereenish grey. Hind wings brownish fuscous; cilia grey. Under side shining greenish grey. Abdomen brownish fuscous. Under side pale greyish ochreous. Legs brownish fuscous, spotted with whitish at the joints ; spurs whitish. Hp. al. 11mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen among a species of mallow in November (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. Bracuycrossata, Hein. The genus Brachycrossata has 12 veins in the fore wings; 7 and 8 from a common stem; 2 and 3 separate and parallel. There are 8 veins in the hind wings; 3 and 4 from a point at lower angle of cell; 6 and 7 from a point at upper angle of cell. The genus, as thus defined, is of very limited extent. A considerable number of species occur in the Indian region, and also in Africa, which agree with Brachy- crossata in all particulars, except that veins 2 and 3 of the fore wings rise from a recurved common stem. This difference in neuration may be sufficient to constitute another genus, but for the present it would be rash to give it a name, as it has most probably been already described by Walker without reference to the neural characters. It will be better for the present at least to divide Brachycrossata into two sections, thus :— A. Veins 2 and 3 of the fore wings separate. B. Veins 2 and 3 of the fore wings arising from a recurved common stem. : African Micro-Lepidoptera. 99 BracHycrossata, Sect. B. Brachycrossata septella, Z. Gelechia (Nothris) septella, Z., Hand. Kong. Svensk. Vet.-Ak., 1852, 108—9. Bathurst (Gambia), seven specimens (Carter) ; Tan- gani (Kolumbi Creek, East Africa), August, one speci- men (Jackson). (el tiven hieei35)4| Brachycrossata marginata, sp. n. Antenne pale fawn-brown, the basal joint shaded with greyish fuscous. Palpi slender; pale fawn-brown on their inner sides and at the end of the apical joint; otherwise pale greyish fuscous. Head dull fawn-brown, shaded with greyish fuscous on the face and vertex. Thorax dull fawn-brown. Fore wings pale fawn- brown ; a discal spot before the middle and a band of even width from the apex to the anal angle, but not reaching the costal mar- gin, greyish fuscous ; there is also an obscure outwardly oblique costal streak of the same colour before the apex; a very faint indication of a second spot at the end of the cell; cilia pale fawn- brown. Under side pale greyish fuscous. Hind wings greyish fuscous, with scarcely paler cilia. Abdomen greyish fuscous; the 3 with a strong ochreous anal tuft. Exp. al. 15—17 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), five specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species agrees with septella, Z., in having veins 2 and 3 of the fore wings from a curved common stem. ODITES, gen. n. (oditns = traveller.) Type. Odites natalensis, Wlsm. EARS Satis, 1bvees eX). Antenne simple; basal joint slightly thickened, without pecten. Labial palpi slender, recurved; apical joint nearly equal in length to the second joint, sharply acuminate ; second joint clothed with appressed scales, which do not project beyond it. Maxillary palpi short, meeting over the base of the haustellum. Hawstellwm moderately long, scaled at the base. Ocellr obsolete. Head slightly roughened. Fore wings, apex produced, costal margin scarcely convex, apical margin oblique. Newration 12 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem enclosing the apex; rest separate ; 2 H 2 100 Lord Walsingham on from near angle of cell; an internal vein runs from between 5 and 6 to near base of 11. Hind wings trapezoidal, with produced apex and oblique outer margin. Newration 8 veins; 6and7 from a common stem; 3 and 4 from a point, or from a common stem, from the lower angle of cell; 5 from or near angle of cell. Legs: hind tibiz clothed with smooth appressed scales. This genus will probably be found to include a number of forms from various parts of the world, which have hitherto been confounded with Zeller’s genus Crypto- lechia, from which they differ in having veins 6 and 7 of the hind wings from a common stem, instead of separate and nearly parallel, as in his original type of that genus, Cryptolechia straminella, from South Africa. If the name Cryptolechia is to be retained for the species originally described as the type of that genus,— and I fail to see how the rule can be departed from in this instance,—any family founded upon an alliance with that genus must at least retain its essential characters, and cannot be established to include the forms in which veins 6 and 7 of the hind wings are not separated, this wide difference in neuration being admitted by all authorities to be of the utmost importance in systematic classification. It follows that Zeller’s genus Crypto- lechia falls into the family Gicophoride of Meyrick, and annihilates Meyrick’s family Cryptolechide, which was not founded on the typical form. Mr. Meyrick, recog- nising this, has since recharacterised his family Crypto- lechid@ under the name Xyloryctide (Tr. Roy. Soe. South Australia, 1890, 23—4). I have explained that it is necessary to establish this genus Odites on the strength of its neural characters ; these exhibit affinities to the family Gelechide of Heine- mann rather than to the (cophoride of Meyrick, and moreover distinguish it from all genera yet described, not only in the now suppressed family Cryptolechide, but even more strongly from the Gicophoride which may be retained, provided always that they agree with the original typical Gicophora, whatever that may be. The error, for which Mr. Meyrick cannot rightly be held responsible, has evidently arisen through the confusion which Zeller created by his attempts to expand and amplify his original work. These attempts (Lin. Ent., IX., 3858, et seq. (1854), and Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII., African Micro-Lepidoptera. 101 258—261 (1877) ) had the effect of supplanting his original descriptions, and served rather to obscure the classification than to render it more correct or more easy of comprehension. Cryptolechia straminella having been described originally as the type of the genus (Hand. Kongl. Svensk. Vet.-Ak., 1852, 107), he subsequently recharacterised the same genus in an expanded form, making Depressaria (Volucra) flava, from South America, the typical species (Lin. Ent., IX., 853—5 (1854) ), in- correctly using the expression ‘‘ ven simplices,” whereas veins 7 and 8 of the fore wings in that species are from a common stem, and, in fact, the species agrees in all points with straminella. In the Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII., 259 (1877), he removed C. straminella to Machimia, retaining flava in Cryptolechia in defiance of the fact that their characters are identical, and differ from tentoriferella, Clem., the type of Machimia, in the remoteness, at its origin, of vein 2 from vein 8, which arises at the lower angle of the cell of the fore wings. With regard to Stenoma, which was described by Zeller (Isis, 1889, 195), and included griseanum, ltura, and bicolor, alike in structure and neuration; in the Lin. Ent., IX., 891—8 (1854), he identified griseanum as walchiana, Cram., and founded the genus Anteéotricha for its reception, together with some allied species. He then removed lituwra and bicolor to Cryptolechia (pre- sumably Cryptolechia No. 2), from which they differ, as from No. 1, in having veins 7 and 8 of the fore wings, as also 6 and 7 of the hind wings, separate, corre- sponding therefore to his statement ‘‘ vene@ simplices,”’ but not to his selected type. In the Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII., 258 —261 (1877), he still further extended his genus Cryptolechia, including many modified forms as subgenera. He here resuscitated Stenoma (of which, as I have shown, the original type was griseanum = walchiana), and, having got rid of the other species placed in it in the first instance, he left litwra as the type at the head of his list, placing bicolor in a different sub- section, and omitting griseanwin altogether, although the three are identical in structure. In pointing out these inconsistencies I have had the great advantage of possessing nearly the whole series of Zeller’s generic types, in many cases the actual speci- 102 Lord Walsingham on mens used by him in writing his descriptions, and where these are not available, specimens of each species from his own collection, named in his handwriting. It is not surprising that Mr. Meyrick, without the euidance of such valuable material, should have appa- rently failed to identify the precise form of neuration characteristic of the original genus Cryptolechia, which is as follows :— Fore wings 12 veins; 2 from near lower angle of cell; 7 and 8 from a common stem, the fork enclosing the apex; the rest sepa- rate. Hind wings 8 veins; 3 and 4 from a point at lower angle of cell; 5 bent over at its origin and somewhat approximate to 4; 6 and 7 separate, almost parallel; 16 furcate at base; 8 joined to upper edge of cell by a cross vein. [Pl. VIL., fig. 86.| As touching this question of neuration, 1 may perhaps here remark that one at least of the characters on which the Tortricide have hitherto been separated from the Tineide will be found insufficient. It is well known that in all the Tortricide, and in many of the Tineide, vein 1 of the hind wings—that is, the vein nearest to the abdominal margin—is divided into 8 veinlets. De Peyerimhoff, in his ‘ Etude sur l’organisation extérieure des Tordeuses’ (Ann. Soc. Ent. France (ser. 5), VI., 523—590, pl. X.—XII. (1876) ), pointed out that the middle veinlet of these three was furcate at the base, and relied upon this character as distinguishing the family from the allied Tineide. My assistant, Mr. Durrant, has carefuliy searched for this character in the subfamilies and genera of the Tineide, and finds it not only in species allied to Huplocamus, to Gelechia, to (Hcophora, to Atychia, and in Meyrick’s Xyloryctide, but in the typical Tinea tapetzella, L., itself; in short, almost wherever he has looked for it. (Pl. iv., fig. 36.] Odites natalensis, sp. 0. Antenne brownish. Palpi slender, recurved, ochreous, shaded with brown externally to beyond the middle of the second joint. Head rough; pale straw-yellow, shaded with brownish around the eyes. Thorax pale straw-yellow. Fore wings pale straw-yellow to beyond the middle, slightly shaded with brown on the extreme costal margin near the base; beyond the middle is a slightly waved African Micro-Lepidoptera. 103 transverse purplish fuscous line, beyond which the remainder of the wing is entirely shaded with pale brown, or brownish ochreous ; cilia scarcely paler than the apical portion of the wing. Hind wings very pale greyish ochreous; ciliathe same. Abdomen grey anal tuft ochreous. Legs ochreous. Hzp. al. 17 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), six specimens (Hutchinson). — Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. [Pl. v., fig. 37.] Odites carterella, sp. n. Antenne brown at the base, fading to ochreous towards their outer extremities. Palpi pale stramineous ochreous, shaded ex- ternally with brown on the basal portion of the second joint. Head pale stramineous ochreous. Thorax dark brown. Fore wings shining pale stramineous ochreous, with a very short dark brown basal patch, of which the outer margin is slightly bulged below the middle; cilia the same colour as the wings. Hind wings shining whitish, with a faint greyish ochreous tinge; cilia the same. Abdomen pale greyish ochreous. Legs pale stramineous ochreous. Hap. al. 15 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species is somewhat similar in appearance to Depressaria culcitella, H.-S. Odites atropunctella, Wism. Cryptolechia atropunctella, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1881, 256. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson) ; Cape Colony, one specimen (T’rimen). (El ven hie 3 85 Odites ? inconspicua, sp. 0. Antenne stone-colour. Palpi stone-colour, paler on their inner surface. Head and Thoraz stone-colour. Fore wings unicolorous stone-colour ; with two small darker stone-coloured spots, one on the middle of the wing, the other in the same line with it on the end of the cell; cilia stone-colour. Hind wigs and cilia pale 104 Lord Walsingham oz stone-grey. Abdomen stone-grey, anal tuft inclining to ochreous. Legs stone-grey. Hap. al. 13 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species differs from the typical form in having veins 2 and 8 of the fore wings from a curved common stem. IDIOPTERYX, gen. 0. ((os=peculiar, rrépva=a wing.) Type. Cryptolechia obliquella, Wism. PPP savas he8ila] Antenne ciliate 4 ; basal joint slightly thickened, without pecten. Labial palpi slender, recurved ; apical joint nearly as long as the second ; second joint clothed with appressed scales, which do not project beyond it. Mazillary palpi short, appressed to base of haustellum. Haustellwm moderately long, scaled at base. Ocellr obsolete. Head clothed with appressed scales. Fore wings, apex produced, costal margin scarcely convex, apical margin oblique. Newration 12 veins; 8 and 9 out of 7, 7 to costa; 3 and 4 out of 2, 2 curved from angle of cell; 5 arising immediately above 2; 1 furcate at base ; internal vein from between 5 and 6. Hind wings broader than fore wings; apex slightly produced, rounded ; outer margin oblique. Newration 8 veins; 6 and 7 from a common stem, 6 to costa, 7 to outer margin; 3 and 4separate; 5 continued through cell to base ; 8 connected with upper margin of cell by a cross-vein near base; 10 furcate at base. Legs: hind tibie thickly clothed with long rough hair-scales. Idiopteryx obliquella, W1sm. Cryptolechia obliquella, Wism., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 254—5. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson). LecitHocera, H.-S. EPI V.tSeoos| Lecithocera marginata, sp. n. Antenne longer than the fore wings; pale ochreous. Palpzi recurved; tawny fuscous; the apical joint equal in length to the second joint. Head and face tawny fuscous, pale ochreous at the sides and over the eyes. Thorax tawny fuscous; tegule pale African Micro-Lepidoptera. 105 ochreous. Fore wings tawny fuscous, narrowly pale ochreous along the costa to a little beyond the middle; this pale ochreous costal streak is wider at the base, tapering outwards, and there is a fuscous shade on the extreme costal margin at the base; on the dark portion of the wing are two small obscure dark tawny brown spots, one at the upper edge of the cell before the middle, another just beyond the middle at the end of the cell, and equidistant from the costal and dorsal margins; cilia tawny grey. Hind wings grey; cilia tawny grey. Abdomen tawny grey, with paler anal tuft. Hap. al. 14 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. [Pl. v., fig. 40.] Lecithocera flavipalpis, sp. n. Antenne thickened, especially towards the middle, shorter than the fore wings; bronze-colour. Palpi recurved, twice the length of the head; second joint thickened with closely appressed scales beneath ; apical joint slender, acute. Hawstellum pale ochreous. Head bronzy above, orange-yellow at the sides. Thorax bronze- colour. Fore wings rounded at the apex, the costa scarcely convex near the base, apical margin obliquely convex; deep bronze-colour, without markings (under the lens minutely irrorated with paler scales); cilia shining bronzy. Hind wings wide, not emarginate below the slightly rounded apex; paler than the fore wings, bronzy fuscous; cilia the same, rather shining. Abdomen dark bronzy fuscous. Legs pale ochreous, tinged with bronzy fuscous on the posterior tarsal joints. Hap. al. 18 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. Lecithocera maculata, Wlsm. Tangani (Kolumbi Creek, East Africa), August, one specimen (Jackson). Timyra, Wkr. [Pl. v., fig. 41; Pl. vii., fig. 83.] Timyra extranea, sp. n. Antenne ochreous; g with a long and conspicuously projecting tuft of greyish scales beneath the outer side of the basal joint; in 106 Lord Walsingham on the 2? simple. Palpi, 3, long, recurved, above the crown thickly clothed with long diffuse ochreous hair-like scales on the upper side to the end of the rather stout, pointed apical joint, which is two-thirds the length of the second joint; in the ? very slender and naked. Head ochreous, thickly tufted above the eyes. Thorax ochreous. Fore wings ochreous, faintly and delicately shaded with brownish ochreous on the basal and outer thirds of the wing- length ; two faintly indicated brownish ochreous discal spots, one at the end of the basal third, the other at the commencement of the outer third, precede and follow the paler central space; cilia ochreous. Hind wings delicately fringed with pale hairs on the upper side of the subcostal vein; pale ochreous, narrowly bordered in the g around the apex and apical margin with brownish ochreous; cilia very pale ochreous. Abdomen pale brownish ochreous. Legs pale ochreous; the joints above the spurs tufted, above the first pair strongly, above the second pair less con- spicuously, with brush-like tufts, ochreous, with a bronzy-brown band running across their outer ends. Hap. al. 14—15 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), Mr. G. T. Carter; three specimens. Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. This genus appears to belong properly to the Indian region ; it has occurred in Ceylon, and I believe also in India. This species is closely allied to Timyra phycisella, Wkr. ApineTria, Ld. (Pll, tie..42)-S Pls vine, oe Sle) Apiletria acutipennis, sp. un. Antenne simple, two-thirds the length of the fore wings; basal joint elongate, slightly enlarged; dull cinereous. Palpi recurved; second joint long, stout, and compactly clothed; apical joint short, slender, acute; whitish cinereous above, sprinkled with dusky scales beneath. Hawstellwm rather short.. Ocelli obsolete. Head smooth, greyish cinereous. Thorax stout, smooth; cinereous, anteriorly shaded with dark grey, a whitish line dividing its anterior margin from the head. Sore wings lanceolate, acute ; costal mar- gin slightly convex, especially towards the base, extreme apex rounded, apical margin very oblique, anal angle obsolete, dorsal margin somewhat bulged near the base; pale cinereous, sparsely sprinkled with elongate fuscous scales, much shaded along the costal margin and on the dorsal margin about the obsolete anal angle with brown and greyish fuscous; with two small fuscous African Micro-Lepidoptera. 107 spots, the first at about half the wing-length, slightly above the middle, the second on the same level beyond it, less than half-way to the apex; cilia greyish cinereous. Newration, vein 2 from near the middle of the wing-length, carried forward above the obsolete anal angle; 7 and 8 from a common stem; rest separate. Hind wings elongate, subovate, about the same width as the fore wings, apex rounded, with very long cilia at the abdominal angle ; greyish cinereous, with slightly paler cilia, near the base of which runs a darker line. Neuration 8 veins; 8 and 4 from a point; 6 and 7 from a common stem. Abdomen dilated, acute, brownish grey. Legs cinereous, sprinkled with ashy brown. Hap. al. 26 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. YpsoLtopuus, F’. Ypsolophus siccifolii, Wism. Malvern (Natal), one specimen (Bowker). (Pl. v., fig. 48.1 Ypsolophus gigas, sp.n. Antenne, in the §, pubescent; brownish bone-colour. Palpi with a very long projecting tuft beneath the second joint, almost as long as the long slender apical joint, projecting three times the length of the head beyond it; brownish bone-colour. Head and Thorax brownish bone-colour. Fore wings with the costa straight, the apex depressed, but rather pointed, the apical margin very oblique; pale bone-brownish, sparsely irrorated with a few darker scales, and with three indistinct darker spots, one on the fold at half its length, and two at the outer extremity of the discal cell, one at its upper, the other at its lower angle; cilia unicolorous with the fore wings. Neuration, 4 and 5 closely approximate at the base ; 7 and 8 from a common stem, 8 ending above the apex ; 2and3 separate. Hind wings somewhat paler than the fore wings, with an indistinct darker line running along the base of the still paler cilia. Newration, 3 and 4 from the same point; 6 and 7 separate. Abdomen the same colour as the hind wings, but with about six transverse darker brown segmental bars, corresponding in colour with the three spots on the fore wings, and with a pale anal tuft. Kap. al. 40 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. 108 Lord Walsingham on Two specimens of this very remarkable large form of the genus Ypsolophus have reached me from Mr. J. M. Hutchinson. (PI. v., fig. 44.] Ypsolophus marmoratus, sp.n. Antenne annulated with fuscous and pale greyish ochreous. Palpi with a strong triangular tuft on the second joint; greyish fuscous, faintly speckled with ochreous; apical joint dull ochreous, with a fuscous ring before the apex. Head greyish fuscous, shghtly tinged with ochreous above and in front. Thorax dull ochreous, shaded with fuscous. Fore wings dull ochreous, mottled and shaded with fuscous; with an ill-defined fuscous spot on the disc about the middle; cilia dull ochreous; veins 2 and 3 stalked. Hind wings and cilia grey. Abdomen greyish fuscous. Legs obscurely mottled with greyish fuscous and pale ochreous. Exp. al. 12 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. Noturis, Hb. [Pl. v., fig. 46.] Nothris bryophilella, sp. n. Antenne dull white, faintly annulated with fuscous. Palpi with the second joint clothed with a long projecting tuft of loose hair- like scales beneath; white, a large black spot on the outer side of the second joint, a very small black spot at the base, and a black band around the middle of the slender apical joint. Head and Thorax dull white. Fore wings dull white, speckled and blotched with brown ; the basal third is irrorated with brown scales, a small fuscous spot near the costa towards the base; immediately beyond the basal third is a large reniform greyish fuscous spot, having the appearance of two roundish contiguous spots, the one reaching over the fold, the other, about the same size, above it; beyond this is a transverse ill-defined band of brown about the middle of the wing, starting from the costal but not attaining to the dorsal mar- gin, wider towards its upper end; this band is followed by another greyish fuscous rounded spot, larger than either of the other two, and lying on the erd of the cell; this spot is followed by another large brown patch, occupying the whole apical portion of the wing African Micro- Lepidoptera. 109 from the anal angle along the apical margin, but not quite reaching to the costal margin, where there are three fuscous spots, two small and one larger; a slender shining leaden grey line borders the wing, running from the anal angle along the extreme apical margin, and around the apex along the base of the costal cilia; cilia cinereous, with two darker lines, one along their base, the other along their outer edge. Hind wings pale leaden grey; cilia cinereous. Abdomen cinereous. Legs whitish, the posterior tibiz with long hairs above, the tarsi spotted with brownish fuscous. Hep. al. 13—14 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia); four specimens taken in November (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species bears a great resemblance in colour and markings to Bryophila perla and glandifera. MEGACRASPEDUS, Z. [Pl. v., fig. 47.] Megacraspedus suffusellus, sp. n. Antenne whitish cinereous. Palpi whitish, dusted with cinereous, especially on their outer sides along the lower edge of the long projecting tuft from the second joint. Head and Thorax whitish, dusted with cinereous. Fore wings whitish, dusted with cinereous, the darker dusting forming diffused and by no means distinct spot-like marks below the costa at the basal third, at the end of the cell, and on the fold; cilia dirty whitish, with a cinereous line along their middle, and another before their tips. Hind wings very pointed, with margin deeply excised below the apex; shining bone-white; cilia whitish cinereous. Abdomen cinereous, barred with dirty whitish. Legs whitish cinereous. Exp. al. 18 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species may possibly be only a local form of the European Megacraspedus imparellus, F. R., but it differs in the absence of distinct spots on the fore wings, and in its generally more dirty and suffused appearance. 110 Lord Walsingham on AnortHosiA, Clem. Anorthosia straminis, Wlsm. Ypsolophus straminis, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 266. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce) ; Delagoa Bay (Kast Africa), one specimen (Druce). This species only differs from Anorthosia punctiferella, Clem., the type of the genus, by having 11 veins in the fore wings (7 and 8 being coincident) instead of 12 veins, 7 and 8 from a common stem. In my former paper